Coastal Water Properties and Hydrodynamic Processes in the Malacca Strait: Case Study Northeastern Coast of Sumatra, Indonesia

Physical Properties of Seawater in Malacca Strait (Southeast Asia) during Monsoon Seasons

“…In March, freshwater from Johor Strait and Sumatra contributes more to MS seawater properties in southern MS because of the narrow waterway compared with in August because of post-NEM events (Tkalich et al ., 2012). Koropitan, Barus, and Cordova (2021) also suggested that the effect of tidal mixing could be stronger in MS, resulting in vertically well-mixed coastal waters. The tidal current is enhanced in the northern wide strait, whereas in the southern narrow channel, it is weakened (Chen et al ., 2014).…”

“…The reversal monsoon system causes variation of seawater properties and current circulations in MS. NEM is known as the rainy season, whereas SWM is a warm season in MS. During SWM, the seawater temperature at MS is warmer than during NEM because of high surface heat flux during SWM (Amiruddin, Ibrahim, and Ismail, 2011; Isa et al ., 2020a). The salinity is slightly lower during NEM compared with SWM because of increasing river discharge into MS (Amiruddin, Ibrahim, and Ismail, 2011; Koropitan, Barus, and Cordova, 2021). During SWM, the northern part of MS receives cooler water from AS.…”

Assessment of Water Quality Status, Nutrients, and Phytoplankton Communities in the Coastal Zone of East Aceh Regency, Indonesia

“…On the other hand, East Aceh Regency is directly bordered by the Malacca Strait, where the ocean circulation from the Indian Ocean and Bengal Bay significantly controls the water motion in the coastal area (Koropitan et al, 2021). This circulation relates to the distribution of anthropogenic wastes in marine ecosystems (Wisha et al, 2022).…”