Hiu martil (Sphyrna lewini Griffith & Smith, 1834) merupakan salah satu target tangkapan bagi perikanan artisanal di Indonesia. Dengan status konservasi masuk dalam Appendix II CITES, pengelolaan terhadap hiu martil telah menjadi perhatian khusus di bidang perikanan tangkap. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji beberapa aspek parameter populasi hiu martil yang tertangkap di perairan selatan Nusa Tenggara pada periode Januari – Desember 2015. Data ukuran panjang dan jenis kelamin diperoleh di Tempat Pendaratan Ikan Tanjung Luar, Lombok Timur, Nusa Tenggara Barat. Analisis dilakukan secara deskriptif menggunakan perangkat lunak FiSAT II. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa dari 634 ekor hiu martil yang tertangkap didominasi oleh jenis kelamin betina dengan sebaran ukuran panjang total berkisar antara 81 – 320 cm (rerata 211,2 cm) dan jenis kelamin jantan berkisar antara 91 – 310 cm (rerata 176,9 cm). Dominasi kelompok hiu muda yang belum matang kelamin berpotensi terjadinya recruitment overfishing. Hiu martil mampu mencapai panjang asimtot 399 cm. Laju pertumbuhan dan mortalitas jenis hiu jantan lebih tinggi dibandingkan jenis betina. Populasi hiu martil telah mengalami kondisi tangkap lebih sehingga perlu adanya regulasi dan pengelolaan agar pemanfaatannya tetap lestari. The scalloped hammerhead sharks (Sphyrna lewini Griffith & Smith, 1834) is one of the main target fishing for artisanal shark fisheries in Indonesia. By the conservation status of Appendix II CITES, its management had been concerned in capture fisheries. This research aimed to assess some aspects of scalloped hammerhead shark population parameters caught in the southern of Nusa Tenggara in the period from January to December 2015. Fish length and sex was obtained in Tanjung Luar landing site, East Lombok, West Nusa Tenggara. The analysis was done descriptively used FiSAT II software. The results showed that 634 individuals of hammerhead shark caught dominated by female with a total length size distribution ranging between 81-320 cm (mean 211.2 cm) and male ranged between 91-310 cm (mean 176.9 cm). The dominance catch of juvenile sharks with immature was potential to recruitment overfishing. Sphyrna lewini was capable of reaching 399 cm asymptotic length. The growth rate and mortality of male sharks was higher than female. The population of S. lewini had been overfished so that the regulation and management are needed in order to maintain their sustainability of the population.
<p>Pengelolaan perikanan dengan pendekatan ekosistem merupakan bagian dari berbagai prinsip dasar pengelolaan perikanan sejak disetujuinya konvensi mengenai keanekaragaman hayati (Convention on Biological Diversity), dan FAO Code of Conduct for Responsible Fisheries. Ikan arwana irian (<em>Scleropages jardinii</em>) merupakan satwa yang dilindungi sehingga pemanfaatannya didasarkan pada jumlah kuota nasional. Sampai saat ini, jumlah kuota yang ditetapkan belum didasarkan secara proporsional atas potensi sumberdaya riil (stok) ikan arwana di setiap perairan sungai yang berada di empat kabupaten, yaitu: Kabupaten Merauke, Boven Digul, Mappi dan Asmat. Sungai Maro di Kabupaten Merauke merupakan salah satu kawasan eksploitasi ikan arwana yang paling intensif. Oleh karena itu, kebijakan pengelolaan dan konservasi sumber daya ikan arwana dengan pendekatan ekosistem di perairan Sungai Maro perlu dilakukan. Pemangku kepentingan dalam pengelolaan<br />sumber daya ikan arwana di Sungai Maro terdiri dari nelayan, kepala dusun, kepala adat, plasma (pengumpul yuwana ikan arwana), pengusaha ikan hias, penangkar, pemerintah daerah (Dinas Kelautan dan Perikanan Kabupaten Merauke, Badan Lingkungan Hidup Kabupaten Merauke), Balai Konservasi Sumberdaya Alam dan Agen Perubahan (Peneliti Badan Litbang Kelautan dan Perikanan dan Penyuluh). Langkah-langkah pengelolaan sumberdaya ikan arwana yang perlu diterapkan meliputi: penetapan kuota yuwana ikan arwana di Sungai Maro sebanyak 112.000 ekor per musim; penetapan kawasan konservasi habitat pemijahan dan pembesaran yuwana arwana di sebagian kecil kawasan sentra penangkapan yang hanya ditutup pada musim penangkapan yuwana ikan arwana; pencatatan hasil tangkapan yuwana ikan arwana yang dilakukan oleh nelayan dan pengumpul sesuai dengan kuota; adopsi pengelolaan secara ko-manajemen dan berdasarkan pendekatan ekosistem yang didasarkan pada indikator pengelolaan yaitu indikator lingkungan sumberdaya, biologi, sosial dan ekonomi.</p><p>Ecosystem approach to fisheries is a part of basic principles of fisheries management since ratification of convention on biological diversity and FAO Code of Conduct for Responsible Fisheries are agreed. Saratoga (Scleropages jardinii), a protected fish fauna of Papua being exploited based on national quota. Unfortunately, the Saratoga quota has not been estimated proportionally based on their potential stock at every waters body of the Saratoga inhabits which were administratively included in four regencies, namely Merauke, Boven Digul, Mappi and Asmat. Maro River at Merauke Regency is one of the potential rivers which were exploited intensively for Saratoga. Therefore, policy management package of ecosystem approach to Saratoga fisheries at Maro River should be implemented. The main stakeholders of Saratoga management at Maro River compose of fishers, head of village, head of local ethnic group, whole seller, raisers, exotic fish seller, local government (Regency of Fisheries Extension Service, Regency of Environmental Agency), Institute of Natural<br />Resources Conservation, and Agent of Change (Researcher of the Agency for Fisheries and Marine Research). Management measures which should be implemented are: quota of Saratoga juvenile of Maro River was 112,000 individuals per spawning season; establishment of conservation area for spawning and nursery of Saratoga by allocated a part of center exploited area and there closed for fishing at Saratoga spawning season; collected and reported of the number of Saratoga fry by the fishers and whole sellers; development of co-management and ecosystem approach to Saratoga fisheries which should be based on environmental, biological, social and economic indicators.</p>
Jenis ikan yang mampu menyesuaikan diri ditinjau dari segi pakan adalah jenis ikan uang mampu memfaatkan pakan yang tersedia dan bersifat generalis dalam memfaatkan makanan alami, sehingga ikan tersebut mampu menyesuaikan diri terhadap fluktuasi kesediaan makanan alami.
Udang windu (Penaeus monodon) merupakan salah satu komoditas udang utama dan mempunyai nilai ekonomi tinggi di perairan, Kabupaten Aceh. Saat ini laju eksploitasi udang windu sangat tinggi. Hal tersebut merupakan ancaman terhadap kelestarian sumber daya udang windu. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengkaji opsi pengelolaan konservasi udang windu di Aceh Timur. Kepadatan post larva Penaeidae berkisar antara 0-214 ind/1.000 m3 dan kepadatan stok juvenil udang windu berkisar antara 686-1.875 ind/km2, dimana kepadatan tertinggi di Kuala Arakundo dan Kuala Peureulak. Distribusi spasial kelimpahan udang windu berkisar antara 10-130 ekor/m2 (10-167.000 g/ha). Analisis aspek status pemanfaatan, degradasi habitat (penebangan liar, pembukaan tambak, dan sedimentasi), perkiraan dan evaluasi resiko, serta faktor-faktor yang mendukung diantaranya respon masyarakat dan kesiapan sistem sosial merupakan masukan dalam menentukan konservasi sumber daya udang windu. Oleh karena itu, dalam upaya menjamin kelestarian sumber daya udang windu di alam serta keberlanjutan usaha budidayanya, perlu dilakukan langkah-langkah pengelolaan dan konservasi sumber daya udang windu yang rasional, seperti (a) pengendalian dan pemulihan degradasi lingkungan melalui pengendalian erosi bagian hulu-hilir, dan menjaga dan merehabilitasi hutan mangrove, (b) pengendalian penyebaran penyakit dengan pendekatan kehati-hatian untuk pengembangan budidaya udang vanamei, (c) pengendalian penangkapan juvenil udang windu melalui pelarangan beroperasi alat tangkap sejenis trawl (pukat langgih dan pukat layang), dan (d) revitalisasi dan pengembangan kelembagaan nelayan.Indian tiger prawn (Penaeusmonodon) is one of the main shrimp commodities and has high economic value. East coastal waters of East Aceh district is known as one of the main producer of tiger prawns with the best quality. On the other hand the rate of exploitation of tiger shrimp is very high. This issue is therefore need to be a addressed further. The purpose of this study is, therefore, to assess the management activities needed to conserve tiger shrimp in East Aceh. Penaeidae post larvae density in Aceh Timur ranges from 0-214 ind/1,000 m3 and juvenile stock density ranges from 0,245-49,419 kg/km2, where the highest density is in Kuala Arakundo and Kuala Peureulak. The Spatial Abundance Distribution of indian tiger prawn ranges from 10 to 130 ind./m2 (10-167,000 g/ha). Analysis of aspects of utilization status, habitat degradation (illegal logging, sedimentation, land clearing for aquaculture), risk estimation and evaluation, and factors are inputthat support conservation of tiger shrimp resources. Therefore, in an effort to ensure the sustainability of tiger shrimp resources in the wild and the sustainability of its cultivation business, it is necessary to take steps to manage and conserve rational tiger shrimp resources.such as (a) controlling and restoring environmental degradation through upstream-downstream erosion control, and safeguarding and rehabilitating mangrove, (b) controlling the spread of diseases with precautionary approach to the development of vanamei shrimp farming, (c) controlling the capture of indian tiger prawn juveniles through the prohibition operates of bottom trawling (pukat langgih and pukat layang), and (d) fisherman revitalization and institutional development.
Budi daya ikan di Waduk Ir. H. Djuanda (A=8.300 ha, Zmax=95 m, dan Z=36,5 m) berkembang sangat pesat, sehingga berdampak pada penurunan kualitas air. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengevaluasi kualitas air bagi kepentingan perikanan dan mengidentifikasi sumber tekanan tertinggi di Waduk Ir. H. Djuanda. Pengambilan data dilakukan setiap bulan dan tahun 2004 sampai dengan 2006. Pengamatan kualitas air dilakukan dengan metode pengambilan contoh air secara horisontal dan vertikal. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa sumber utama degradasi kualitas air adalah bahan organik yang berasal dari Waduk Cirata. Distribusi vertikal oksigen terlarut di perairan menunjukkan ada stratifikasi dengan kedalaman epilimnion yang sangat tipis. Berdasarkan pada analisis kandungan fosfat dan nitrogen, waduk ini telah mengalami perubahan dari eutrofik (tahun 2004) menjadi hipereutrofik (tahun 2005 dan 2006). Degradasi tersebut cenderung meningkat seiring dengan peningkatan jumlah unit karamba jaring apung yang dikembangkan di Waduk Cirata dan Waduk Ir. H. Djuanda. Kondisi ini menunjukkan bahwa pengembangan kegiatan budi daya dalam karamba jaring apung telah melampaui daya dukung dan cenderung mencemari perairan. Upaya mengatasi degredasi tersebut dapat dilakukan dengan 2 cara, yaitu 1) mengurangi usaha budi daya ikan dalam karamba jaring apung di Waduk Ir. H. Djuanda dan Cirata dan 2) menebarkan jenis ikan yang mampu memanfaatkan plankton secara efektif. Development of fish culture in Ir. H. Djuanda Reservoir has been expanded very fast, so it might cause the degradation of water qualities. The aims to evaluated water quality for fisheries purpose and identify the primary pressure source in Ir. H. Djuanda Reservoir. The data were collected every month during year of 2004 to 2006. Water sampling was done by vertical and horizontal. The result indicates that the primary source degradation of water qualities was organic materials from Cirata Reservoir. Stratification of dissolved oxygen in the water column indicates with very thin epilimnion layer. Based on phosphate and N-compuonds analysis, Ir. H. Djuanda Reservoir was changed from eutrophic in year 2004 to hipereutrophic in year 2005 and 2006. The degradation tends to increase with developing floating cage unit numbers in Cirata and Ir. H. Djuanda Reservoir. This condition shows that the development of fish culture in floating cage seems have be over the carry capacity of reservoir and tend to spread the pollution in the water. It effort suggest that the would two ways, i.e. 1) decrease of fish culture activities using be done refering floating cages in Ir. H. Djuanda and Cirata Reservoir and 2) stocking of fish species which are capable to utilized the plankton effectively.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
customersupport@researchsolutions.com
10624 S. Eastern Ave., Ste. A-614
Henderson, NV 89052, USA
This site is protected by reCAPTCHA and the Google Privacy Policy and Terms of Service apply.
Copyright © 2024 scite LLC. All rights reserved.
Made with 💙 for researchers
Part of the Research Solutions Family.