Hiu martil (Sphyrna lewini Griffith & Smith, 1834) merupakan salah satu target tangkapan bagi perikanan artisanal di Indonesia. Dengan status konservasi masuk dalam Appendix II CITES, pengelolaan terhadap hiu martil telah menjadi perhatian khusus di bidang perikanan tangkap. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji beberapa aspek parameter populasi hiu martil yang tertangkap di perairan selatan Nusa Tenggara pada periode Januari – Desember 2015. Data ukuran panjang dan jenis kelamin diperoleh di Tempat Pendaratan Ikan Tanjung Luar, Lombok Timur, Nusa Tenggara Barat. Analisis dilakukan secara deskriptif menggunakan perangkat lunak FiSAT II. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa dari 634 ekor hiu martil yang tertangkap didominasi oleh jenis kelamin betina dengan sebaran ukuran panjang total berkisar antara 81 – 320 cm (rerata 211,2 cm) dan jenis kelamin jantan berkisar antara 91 – 310 cm (rerata 176,9 cm). Dominasi kelompok hiu muda yang belum matang kelamin berpotensi terjadinya recruitment overfishing. Hiu martil mampu mencapai panjang asimtot 399 cm. Laju pertumbuhan dan mortalitas jenis hiu jantan lebih tinggi dibandingkan jenis betina. Populasi hiu martil telah mengalami kondisi tangkap lebih sehingga perlu adanya regulasi dan pengelolaan agar pemanfaatannya tetap lestari. The scalloped hammerhead sharks (Sphyrna lewini Griffith & Smith, 1834) is one of the main target fishing for artisanal shark fisheries in Indonesia. By the conservation status of Appendix II CITES, its management had been concerned in capture fisheries. This research aimed to assess some aspects of scalloped hammerhead shark population parameters caught in the southern of Nusa Tenggara in the period from January to December 2015. Fish length and sex was obtained in Tanjung Luar landing site, East Lombok, West Nusa Tenggara. The analysis was done descriptively used FiSAT II software. The results showed that 634 individuals of hammerhead shark caught dominated by female with a total length size distribution ranging between 81-320 cm (mean 211.2 cm) and male ranged between 91-310 cm (mean 176.9 cm). The dominance catch of juvenile sharks with immature was potential to recruitment overfishing. Sphyrna lewini was capable of reaching 399 cm asymptotic length. The growth rate and mortality of male sharks was higher than female. The population of S. lewini had been overfished so that the regulation and management are needed in order to maintain their sustainability of the population.

Penelitian mengenai aspek reproduksi ikan asing invasif di Danau Matano dibutuhkan dalam upaya pengendalian dan pemberantasan populasinya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui aspek reproduksi ikan louhan yang diharapkan dapat digunakan sebagai acuan untuk pengendalian ikan asing invasif di Danau Matano, Sulawesi Selatan. Sampel ikan diperoleh dengan menggunakan jaring insang percobaan dengan berbagai ukuran mata jaring pada Mei dan Oktober 2015 serta pada Februari, Juli, dan September 2016 di 14 stasiun penelitian. Penentuan jenis kelamin dan tingkat kematangan gonad (TKG) berdasarkan ciri reproduksi primernya. Fekunditas total dihitung menggunakan metode gravimetrik. Ikan louhan yang tertangkap sebanyak 1.118 ekor terdiri atas 552 ekor ikan jantan, 512 ekor ikan betina, dan 54 ekor tidak dapat ditentukan jenis kelaminnya. Nisbah kelamin secara temporal berada pada kondisi seimbang dengan perbandingan total sebesar 1,1:1. Ikan louhan jantan dan betina mencapai rata-rata ukuran pertama kali matang gonad (Lm50) masing-masing pada panjang total 12,6 cm dan 10,2 cm. Ikan jantan berukuran lebih besar daripada betina pada TKG yang sama. Diameter telur berkisar antara 0,25-2,35 mm (rerata 1,31±0,37 mm) dengan fekunditas berkisar antara 104-3.375 butir. Ikan louhan termasuk tipe pemijah bertahap dan mampu memijah sepanjang tahun di berbagai tipe karakteristik habitat. Puncak pemijahan terjadi pada musim penghujan dan kemarau. Substrat dasar berupa pasir berbatu di kedalaman 15 meter merupakan daerah utama pemijahan ikan louhan di Danau Matano. Rekomendasi pengendalian ikan louhan di Danau Matano melalui penangkapan perlu dilakukan sebelum mencapai ukuran Lm50, di seluruh daerah litoral danau (<10 meter) pada musim kemarau (April-Juni) dan penghujan (September-November).The information on fish reproduction aspects of invasive alien species in Matano Lake is required to setup measure for controlling and eradicating their population. This research aims to determine the reproductive aspects of flowerhorn cichlid that could used as a reference for controlling the invasive alien species in the Matano Lake, South Sulawesi. Sample was collected by using experimental gill-net with various mesh sizes in 14 research stations in several periods (May 2015, October 2015, February 2016, July 2016, and September 2016). Sex determination and gonadal stages identified based on the characteristics of primary reproduction. Total fecundity is calculated using gravimetric method. The total individual flowerhorn cichlid was 1,118 fishes that consists of 552 males, 512 females, and 54 unidentified. The temporary sex ratio indicated balance conditions by ratio 1.1:1. Length at first maturity (Lm50) of male and female of flowerhorn cichlid reached at 12.6 cmTL and 10.2 cmTL, respectively. Males are larger than females at the same gonad maturity stage. The eggs diameter ranged from 0.25 to 2.35 mm (average of 1.31 ± 0.37 mm) with fecundity ranged from 104-3,375 egg which indicated that flowerhorn cichlid was a partial spawner. Flowerhorn cichlid spawned throughout the year (multi spawning) in various types of habitat characteristics with spawning peaks in the rainy and dry seasons. Sandy rock in the depth of 15 meters is the main of spawning area of flowerhorn cichlid in the Matano Lake. The recommendation for controlling flowerhorn cichlid in Matano Lake by fishing, need to be done before its size reaching the Lm50, across the littoral area of the lake (<10 meters) in the dry (April-June) and rainy seasons (September-November).

The eutrophication in Jatiluhur Reservoir had continued due to organic pollution. The high eutrophication negatively impacted reservoir sustainability and some activities there, such as fisheries. This study aimed to determine the level of eutrophication and provide some alternative recommendations for its control. The research was conducted by sampling method in 2017 on nine representing stations. A stratified sampling method took samples of water and phytoplankton. The results showed that based on the TSI index value (>4), Trix index (>50), the eutrophication status of the Jatiluhur reservoir was in eutrophic-hypertrophic level. Some alternative control which could recommend were: (1) utilizing macrophyte as a nutrient absorbing agent, (2) stocking of planktivorous fish, and (3) implementing an environmental friendly of fish culture in floating cage system.

Udang penaeid merupakan komoditas perikanan udang yang umum tertangkap di perairan Aceh Timur. Pengelolaan perikanan udang dengan pendekatan ekosistem membutuhkan informasi terkait kebiasaan makanan udang dan interaksinya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kebiasaan makanan dan interaksi trofik komunitas udang penaeid di perairan Aceh Timur. Penelitian dilaksanakan pada April dan September tahun 2014-2015 serta April 2016 di perairan Aceh Timur. Contoh udang diperoleh dari tangkapan mini beam trawl dan hasil tangkapan nelayan. Analisis dilakukan menggunakan indeks bagian terbesar, tingkat trofik, luas relung dan interaksinya. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan komunitas udang penaeid di perairan pantai Aceh Timur terdapat sekitar 20 jenis udang pada stadia yuwana hingga dewasa. Kebiasaan makanan pada 8 jenis udang penaeid dominan berbeda tergantung spesiesnya dengan makanan utama berupa krustasea, detritus dan moluska. Interaksi trofik menunjukkan terdapat peluang kompetisi yang tinggi antara Penaeus monodon dengan Penaeus sp., Fenneropenaeus indicus, F. merguiensis dan Parapenaeopsis stylifera coromandelica serta Metapenaeus brevicornis dengan M. ensis karena memanfaatkan sumberdaya makanan yang sama.The penaeid shrimps communities have been caught in the waters of East Aceh and some become the main fisheries commodities. Management of shrimp fisheries with ecosystem approach required information related to its food habits and their interactions. The purpose of this study were to examine food habits and trophic interactions of penaeid shrimp communities in the East Aceh waters. The study was conducted in April and September 2014-2015 and April 2016 in the waters of East Aceh. Shrimp samples were obtained from mini beam trawl and fisherman catches. The analysis was performed using index of preponderance, trophic level, niche breadth and its interaction. The results showed that the community of Penaeid shrimp in East Aceh coastal waters consisted of about 20 species of shrimp in juvenile to to adult phase.  Food habits of 8 dominant penaeid shrimp was differ depending on the species with the main foods of crustaceans, detritus and molluscs. Trophic interactions suggest that there is a high probability of competition between Penaeus monodon and Penaeus sp., Fenneropenaeus indicus, F. merguiensis and Parapenaeopsis stylifera coromandelica and Metapenaeus brevicornis with M. ensis for utilizing the same food resources.

ABSTRAKHiu kejen atau silky shark (Carcharhinus falciformis) merupakan salah satu spesies hiu dari famili Carcharhinidae yang banyak tertangkap di Samudera Hindia Selatan Jawa. Berdasarkan keputusan sidang CoP-17 di Johannesburg species ini masuk dalam daftar merah Apendik II CITES, sejak saat itu pengelolaan hiu kejen menjadi perhatian khusus pada perikanan tangkap. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mendapatkan informasi parameter populasi ikan hiu kejen di perairan Samudera Hindia bagian Selatan Nusa Tenggara. Penelitian dilakukan di Tempat Pendaratan Ikan Tanjungluar, Lombok Timur tahun 2016. Pengukuran contoh hiu meliputi panjang total tubuh, nisbah kelamin serta panjang klasper. Hasil penelitian terhadap 3002 ekor ikan contoh menunjukkan bahwa kisaran panjang total hiu kejen (Carcharhinus falciformis) antara 65-300 cm (betina) dan 74-315 cm (jantan). Rerata ukuran panjang total adalah 187,66 cm (betina) dan 195 cm (jantan). Parameter pertumbuhan menurut Von Bertalanffy, meliputi laju pertumbuhan (K), panjang asimptotik (L  ) dan umur ikan pada saat panjang ke-0 (t 0 ), masing-masing sebesar 0,42/tahun; 331,28 cmTL dan -0,20/ tahun. Persamaan kurva pertumbuhan von Bertalanffy untuk hiu kejen yaitu L t = 331,28 [1-e -0.,42(t+0.20) ]. Parameter mortalitas hiu kejen meliputi laju kematian total (Z), laju kematian alamiah (M) dan laju kematian karena penangkapan (F) masingmasing sebesar 2,79/tahun; 0,49/tahun dan 2,30/tahun. Laju eksploitasi (E) hiu kejen sebesar 0,82 menandakan eksploitasi terhadap spesies ini cenderung sudah tinggi. Kata Kunci: Carcharhinus falciformis; parameter populasi; Nusa Tenggara Barat ABSTRACT Silky shark (Carcharhinus falciformis) is one of the family Carcharhinidae that commonly caught in the Indian Ocean South of Java. The purpose of this study was to obtain information on the populations parameters of silky shark caught in the waters of Indian Ocean Southern part of Nusa Tenggara. The study was conducted at fish landing sites in Tanjungluar, East Lombok from January to December 2016. The method used in this research was survey method. Observations included total body length, sex ratio and clasper length measured with direct measurements and visual observations in the field. From a total 3002 fish samples showed that the total length range for silky shark (Carcharhinus falciformis) caught in the waters of the Indian Ocean landed inTanjungluar were between 65-300 cm TL (female) and , with the average length of 187, 66 cmTL (female) and 195 cm TL (male). The estimated Von Bertalanffy growth parameters of length infinity (L  ), growth rate (K) and theoretical age of fish at zero length (t 0 ) were 331.28 cmTL, respectively. The Von Bertalanffy growth equation for silky shark was ]. The calculated Parameters for silky shark mortality including total mortality rate (Z), the natural mortality rate (M)