Coating layer effect on performance of thin film nanofiltration membrane in removal of organic solutes

Renewable energy powered membrane technology: Fluoride removal in a rural community in northern Tanzania

“…As expected, the flux of the NF270 membrane was significantly higher than that of the BW30 membrane because the NF270 membrane is more open and more hydrophilic [46]. The flux of NF270 declined gradually as a function of recovery.…”

The photocatalytic degradation of chloramphenicol with electrospun Bi2O2CO3-poly(ethylene oxide) nanofibers: the synthesis of crosslinked polymer, degradation kinetics, mechanism and cytotoxicity

“…The hydrophilic surface of the membrane could be related to membrane fouling. [54][55][56][57] Increasing the hydrophilicity of the membrane is benecial to reduce the hydrophobic binding of the membrane surface to organic contaminants, thereby preventing the adsorption of contaminants between the membrane and water and prolonging the service life of the membrane. The functional groups can be considered as the main factor affecting the hydrophilicity of the materials.…”

Physico-chemical characterization of polyamide NF/RO membranes: Insight from streaming current measurements

“…Unfortunately, the processes and exact chemistries for producing commercial NF/RO membranes are proprietary, which greatly limits membrane users' understanding of the physical and chemical properties of these membranes [6]. Moreover, the surfaces of some membranes are often modified by post-treatment steps, such as the application of a neutral hydrophilic coating layer in order to improve membrane performances in terms of permeability, rejection, or fouling [1,4,[6][7][8][9].…”

“…Membrane morphology can be studied by microscopy techniques such as scanning electron microscopy (SEM) [2], atomic force microscopy (AFM) [2] or transmission electron microscopy (TEM) [6]. Characterization techniques such as X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) provide insight into the elemental composition (except for hydrogen) of the top surface of a membrane (the penetration depth of the signal is only a few nanometers) [1,2,4,6,7] while attenuated total reflection Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR) provides information about the functional groups present from the top surface to a depth ranging from ~100 nm to a few microns [4,[6][7][8]. Determining the zeta potential of membranes is also of great interest since it enables the characterization of the membrane material in contact with a liquid phase.…”