Cobalt and titanium nanoparticles influence on mesenchymal stem cell elasticity and turgidity

Abstract

Bone cells are damaged by wear particles originating from total joint replacement implants. We investigated Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) nanomechanical properties when exposed to cobalt and titanium nanoparticles (resembling wear debris) of different sizes for up to 3days using AFM nanoindentation; along with flow-cytometry and MTT assay. The results demonstrated that cells exposed to increasing concentrations of nanoparticles had a lower value of elasticity and spring constant without significant effect on cell metabolic activity and viability but some morphological alteration (bleeping). Cobalt induced greater effects than titanium and this is consistent with the general knowledge of cyto-compatibility of the later. This work demonstrates for the first time that metal nanoparticles do not only influence MSCs enzymes activity but also cell structure; however, they do not result in full membrane damage. Furthermore, the mechanical changes are concentration and particles composition dependent but little influenced by the particle size.

Cobalt and Titanium nanoparticles influence on human osteoblast mitochondrial activity and biophysical properties of their cytoskeleton

“…Moreover, particles concentrations used in this study were the same range as studies and found in patient tissues [29], [35]. Moreover, no difference between Ti oxides and Ti elemental nanoparticles was found on the mitochondrial activity and mechanical properties of cells; [36], [37] similarly, Co oxide had the same effects as elemental Co [38]. Therefore the experimental conditions closely resemble in vivo situations.…”

“…It is believed that cytoskeleton is the main component of sensing mechanical changes [51], [55], [56]. Even though wear particles may not impact cell viability directly, they induce other mitochondrial and structural changes in the cells they affect as the cascade of event subsequent to exposure to metal wear debris can be potentially deleterious to the long life of implanted joint replacement devices as shown here [36], [37]. Little to no change was observed in the MTT viability results for Saos-2 cells for both Cobalt and Titanium nanoparticle exposure (Figure 1), even though the same sized particles of Cobalt had a greater impact on the viability of the mouse MC3T3-E1 and cells [44], [37].…”

“…Triangular tipless cantilevers (Bruker, UK) of nominal spring constants (Kcantilever) equal to 0.1 N/m were used; the actual spring constant of each individual cantilever was determined using the Sader method [26], [27]. Borosilicate glass beads (10 m in diameter) were glued onto the cantilever and served as cell indentor [36], [37]. Indentation depths >400-500 nm were avoided setting the maximum applied load to 4 nN, with the working load set at 2 nN.…”

Periprosthetic Osteolysis: Mechanisms, Prevention and Treatment

“…Although the majority of research on PPOL has concentrated on cells of the monocyte/macrophage/foreign body giant cell/osteoclast lineage, other cells in the BMU, as well as fibroblasts, vascular progenitors and others play prominent roles in the development of PPOL. Previous research has documented adverse effects of different byproducts of wear on osteoblasts [15,84,106,[112][113][114], osteocytes [83,84,115], and mesenchymal stem cells and osteoblast progenitors [116][117][118]. In general, chronic inflammation associated with byproducts of wear suppresses bone formation by inhibiting the proliferation, differentiation, maturation and function of progenitor cells and their downstream lineage cells.…”

Mechanical behavior of biopolymer composite coatings on plastic films by depth-sensing indentation – A nanoscale study

“…Moreover, the interest in the synthesis of biomimetic materials (e.g., synthetic skins [10], artificial cell systems [11], and nanotextured implants [12] and functional particles [13]) has demonstrated nanoindentation as the ideal method for probing local gradients and heterogeneities in natural materials and for examining their hierarchical and multiscale organization. Nanoindentation can therefore be expected to be a very useful method in the evolving field of bio-based polymer nanocomposite systems that serve to replace oil-based polymers with polymers partially or totally obtained from renewable resources because these systems often exhibit novel unexplored material interactions at the surface of the nanophase.…”