Coca and Poppy Eradication in Colombia: Environmental and Human Health Assessment of Aerially Applied Glyphosate

Solomon, Keith R.; Anadón, Arturo; Carrasquilla, Gabriel; Cerdeira, A. L.; Marshall, E. J. P.; Sanin, Luz-Helena

doi:10.1007/978-0-387-36903-7_2

Cited by 85 publications

(64 citation statements)

References 151 publications

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“…With few exceptions (Solomon 2007(Solomon , 2009), a large body of research points to negative environmental impacts from these eradication efforts. These negative impacts include adverse effects for amphibians (Meza-Joy, Ramirez-Pinilla, and Fuentes-Lrenzo 2013;Relyea 2005aRelyea , 2005bRelyea , 2011Solomon 2007), rats (de Liz Oliveira Cavalli et al 2013) and mice (Jasper, Locatelli, Pilati, Lcatelli 2012).…”

Section: Environmental Degradation As a Military Tacticmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These negative impacts include adverse effects for amphibians (Meza-Joy, Ramirez-Pinilla, and Fuentes-Lrenzo 2013;Relyea 2005aRelyea , 2005bRelyea , 2011Solomon 2007), rats (de Liz Oliveira Cavalli et al 2013) and mice (Jasper, Locatelli, Pilati, Lcatelli 2012). Numerous on-the-ground reports point to the environmental damage attributable to these herbicides (Messina and Delameter 2006;Mugge 2004).…”

Section: Environmental Degradation As a Military Tacticmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The War on Drugs in Colombia: The Environment, the Treadmill of Destruction and Risk-Transfer Militarism

Smith¹,

Hooks

Lengefeld

2014

JWSR

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Ecological damage, including global climate change, is commonly connected to practices and behaviors associated with economic activity and the Treadmill of Production (ToP). Less attention is paid to the connection between the military and environmental degradation, but recently the Treadmill of Destruction (ToD) has been documented as a global phenomenon with negative environmental effects. The ToD directly and indirectly contributes to environmental problems on many fronts, but one of the least obvious means by which the U.S. military influences the environment is through its policies

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Section: Environmental Degradation As a Military Tacticmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Environmental Degradation As a Military Tacticmentioning

confidence: 99%

The War on Drugs in Colombia: The Environment, the Treadmill of Destruction and Risk-Transfer Militarism

Smith¹,

Hooks

Lengefeld

2014

JWSR

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“…De acuerdo con la clasificación del Ministerio de Salud de Colombia, este producto se encuentra en la categoría toxicológica III (ligeramente peligroso para la salud humana). La concentración de glifosato sugerida para su aplicación en la agricultura es de 1,77 kg a.e./ha (Ministerio de Ambiente, Vivienda y Desarrollo Territorial, 2007) y para el control de cultivo ilícitos en Colombia es de 3,69 kg a.e./ha (Solomon et al, 2007).…”

Section: Roundupunclassified

“…Los herbicidas a base de glifosato son ampliamente utilizados en la agricultura colombiana para la erradicación de malezas, y entre el 10 % y el 14 % es utilizado para el programa de erradicación de cultivos ilícitos de coca y amapola (Solomon et al, 2007). Particularmente, el Roundup ® Activo es una de las presentaciones de glifosato principalmente empleadas para el control de arvenses en el país (Ministerio de Ambiente, Vivienda y Desarrollo Territorial, 2007).…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

Evaluación De La Toxicidad De Dos Agroquimicos, Roundup® Activo Y Cosmo-Flux®411f, en Renacuajos De Anuros Colombianos

Muñoz¹,

Velásquez²,

Bernal³

2014

Acta biol. Colomb.

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RESUMEN El Roundup® Activo es un herbicida elaborado a base de glifosato ampliamente utilizado en Colombia para el control de malezas. Sin embargo, para su aplicación requiere ser mezclado con un coadyuvante que facilite su acción, tal como el Cosmo-Flux ® 411F el cual mejora la adherencia y fijación del herbicida en las hojas de las plantas. El objetivo de este estudio fue determinar la concentración letal media (CL 50 ) y algunos efectos subletales (cambios en el tamaño corporal y en el desempeño natatorio) del Roundup ® Activo y del Cosmo-Flux ® 411F en renacuajos de cuatro especies de anuros colombianos expuestos bajo condiciones controladas de laboratorio y en microcosmos. La especie más sensible a la exposición del Roundup ® Activo fue Hypsiboas crepitans (Laboratorio: CL 50 = 1414 µg a.e. de glifosato/L y microcosmos: CL 50 = 4 kg a.e. de glifosato/ha) y para el Cosmo-Flux Palabras clave: anfibios, CL 50 , efectos subletales, glifosato. ABSTRACT Roundup® Active is an herbicide based on glyphosate widely used in Colombia for control of illicit crops and weeds. However, it must be mixed with an adjuvant that facilitates its action, such as the Cosmo-Flux ® 411F which improves the adhesion and fixation of the herbicide into the leaves of the plants. The aim of this study was to determine the median lethal concentration (LC 50 ) and some sublethal effects (changes in body size and swimming performance) of the Roundup ® Active and the Cosmo-Flux ® 411F to tadpoles of four Colombian anuran species exposed under laboratory and microcosm conditions. The most sensitive species to exposure of Roundup ® Active was Hypsiboas crepitans (Laboratory: LC 50 = 1414 µg a.e. glyphosate/L; microcosm: LC 50 = 4 kg a.e. glyphosate/ ha), and for Cosmo-Flux ® 411F was Rhinella humboldti (Laboratory: LC 50 = 319 mg/L; microcosm: LC 50 = 632.3 L/ha). In laboratory and microcosms, Roundup ® Active did not alter the tadpole body size nor the swimming performance, while the Cosmo-Flux ® 411F generated changes in the body size but not in the swimming performance. Comparing the LC 50 of the two agrochemicals with respect to concentrations used in field, the Roundup ® Active exerted a moderate risk whereas the Cosmo-Flux ® 411F was not lethal. In addition, the Roundup ® Active was notably more toxic than the Cosmo-Flux ® 411F.

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“…4 It is assumed that glyphosate does not directly affect vertebrates as they lack this enzyme. 5,6 It has been claimed that it may be possible for glyphosate to influence microorganisms (for example, Lactobacillus spp., which forms part of the normal microbiota of humans and animals).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Glyphosate or “Organic Herbicide” on Rumen Bacterial Isolates In Vitro

Jose¹,

Hussain²,

Bunt³

2017

Adv Food Technol Nutr Sci Open J

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Glyphosate (N-(phosphonomethyl) glycine) is widely used by agriculture and has been claimed to potentially influence microorganisms; for example, Lactobacillus spp., which forms part of the normal microbiota of humans and animals. Comparing a commercial glyphosate containing herbicide against a recipe widely distributed on the internet, Kniss (2014) described as an organic herbicide the growth of five lactobacilli isolated from the bovine rumen and found little influence on rumen microbe isolates growth on agar plates. The growth of 5 isolates from the bovine rumen was not significantly influenced by glyphosate, a commercial glyphosate herbicide, and an organic herbicide and its components suggested that glyphosate influence is at most minor and likely to be of no consequence in vivo.

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Coca and Poppy Eradication in Colombia: Environmental and Human Health Assessment of Aerially Applied Glyphosate

Cited by 85 publications

References 151 publications

The War on Drugs in Colombia: The Environment, the Treadmill of Destruction and Risk-Transfer Militarism

The War on Drugs in Colombia: The Environment, the Treadmill of Destruction and Risk-Transfer Militarism

Evaluación De La Toxicidad De Dos Agroquimicos, Roundup® Activo Y Cosmo-Flux®411f, en Renacuajos De Anuros Colombianos

Effects of Glyphosate or “Organic Herbicide” on Rumen Bacterial Isolates In Vitro

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