Cocaine Abuse, Attention Deficit Disorder, and Bipolar Disorder

Cocores, James A.; Patel, Mukesh D.; Gold, Mark S.; Pottash, A. Carter

doi:10.1097/00005053-198707000-00007

Cited by 41 publications

(30 citation statements)

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“…Conversely, research has found that when treatment algorithms for co-morbid ADHD are introduced into substance abuse treatment, service outcomes are noticeably improved. Recent research has shown that various pharmacotherapies can be used with substance abusers with ADHD to improve treatment outcomes and reduce drug cravings (17)(18)(19). Concurrent treatment of ADHD and substance abuse substantially increases the likelihood of treatment success and in facilitating continued sobriety (18)(19)(20).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Examination of the Psychometric Properties of the Attention Deficit Scales for Adults with Outpatient Substance Abusers

West

Mulsow

Arredondo

2007

The American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse

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A growing body of research has established a high co-morbidity in the rates of attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and substance abuse. The co-occurrence of these two conditions and the negative impact of untreated ADHD on the course and treatment of substance abuse highlights the need for ADHD assessment in individuals seeking substance abuse treatment. In this article, we investigated the clinical utility of the Attention Deficit Scales for Adults (ADSA) in a sample of substance abusers in an outpatient treatment program by assessing its sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values, and likelihood ratios at two potential cut-off levels (161 and 181) using a DSM-IV based ADHD diagnosis as the criterion. The ADSA had strong reliability (Cronbach's alpha .93; Guttman split-half .92) and correlated well with DSM-IV diagnostic criteria. Sensitivity and specificity of the device were relatively strong at both cut-off levels, as were the positive and negative predictive values.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Examination of the Psychometric Properties of the Attention Deficit Scales for Adults with Outpatient Substance Abusers

West

Mulsow

Arredondo

2007

The American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse

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“…In speaking of cocaine abusers, Cocores (1987) refers to &dquo;cocaine induced or exacerbated ADHD.&dquo; This term refers to an appearance or worsening of ADHD symptoms during withdrawal, presumably due to a depletion of the neurotransmitter dopamine.…”

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confidence: 99%

Neuropsychological assessment of attention in ADHD adults

Taylor¹,

Miller²

1997

J Atten Disord

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This study examines the utility of a variety of neuropsychological measures of attention in the assessment of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) in adults. The Attentional Impairment Index (Al) is introduced along with a procedure for computation, and is intended as an experimental measure which can be used to indicate the presence and severity of an attentional problem. Results indicated that the severity of attentional impairment (Al) was affected by the number of diagnoses, subtype of ADHD, and group classification (No Diagnosis, ADHD, or Other Psychiatric diagnoses). Overall group differences indicate a decline in performance on the neuropsychological test measures as the severity of diagnosis increased, with two exceptions. One was the number of failures to maintain response set on the WCST, and the other was the overall level of attentional impairment as measured by the Al Index. Both of these scores were most impaired in the ADHD group. The summary measures from the Stroop, WCST, FSIQ, and Trail Making Test successfully differentiated both the clinical groups from those not meeting full diagnostic criteria for any disorder. ecent media coverage on the topic of ADHD iñ~ adults has considerably increased the number of elf-referred individuals for diagnosis and treatment of ADHD. Since 1972, when ADHD was first recognized in adults as Adult Brain Dysfunction (Mann & Greenspan, 1972), its acceptance as a valid diagnosis for adults has increased. Longitudinal, retrospective, and family studies indicate that this disorder often continues into adolescence and adulthood for a large proportion of affected individuals (

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“…This population typically has many frontal cortical deficits due to drug use and attentional processes and inhibitory control are often compromised (Cocores et al, 1987;Daigre et al, 2013;Fillmore et al, 2002). When presented with drug related cues, this compromised attentional system may serves as a trigger for drug seeking, and lead to relapse.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%