The striatum is critical for cocaine-induced locomotor responses. Although the role of D1 receptorexpressing neurons is established, underlying molecular pathways are not fully understood. We studied the role of Pyk2, a non-receptor, calcium-dependent protein-tyrosine kinase. The locomotor coordination and basal activity of Pyk2 knockout mice were not altered and major striatal protein markers were normal. Cocaine injection increased Pyk2 tyrosine phosphorylation in mouse striatum. Pyk2-deficient mice displayed decreased locomotor response to acute cocaine injection. In contrast, locomotor sensitization and conditioned place preference were normal. Cocaine-activated ERK phosphorylation, a signaling pathway essential for these late responses, was unaltered. Conditional deletion of Pyk2 in the nucleus accumbens or in D1 neurons reproduced decreased locomotor response to cocaine, whereas deletion of Pyk2 in the dorsal striatum or in A 2A receptor-expressing neurons did not. In mice lacking Pyk2 in D1-neurons locomotor response to D1 agonist SKF-81297, but not to an anticholinergic drug, was blunted. Our results identify Pyk2 as a regulator of acute locomotor responses to psychostimulants. They highlight the role of tyrosine phosphorylation pathways in striatal neurons and suggest that changes in Pyk2 expression or activation may alter specific responses to drugs of abuse, or possibly other behavioral responses linked to dopamine action. The striatum is the main input structure of the basal ganglia, involved in motor coordination, motivation, and action selection. The GABAergic striatal projection neurons (SPNs, a.k.a. medium-size spiny neurons) constitute the vast majority of striatal neurons (~95% in rodents). They integrate cortical and thalamic excitatory inputs and are modulated by dopaminergic inputs and striatal interneurons 1. Two major populations of SPNs can be distinguished according to their projection targets and their molecular profile 1-3. SPNs enriched in enkephalin, D2 dopamine (D2R), and A 2A adenosine (A 2A R) receptors project to the external globus pallidus (GPe) thus participating in the indirect striatonigral pathway, while SPNs enriched in substance P, dynorphin, and D1 dopamine receptor (D1R) innervate the internal globus pallidus (GPi) and the substantia nigra pars reticulata (SNr), forming the direct pathway 1,2,4. Striatal dysfunction is associated with several pathologies ranging from movement disorders in Parkinson's or Huntington's diseases to addiction 5. The striatum is a major site of action of drugs of abuse, which all share the ability to increase extracellular dopamine levels in the ventral part of the striatum, the