Cocaine Use in Europe – A Multi-Centre Study

Haasen, Christian; Prinzleve, Michael; Zurhold, Heike; Rehm, Jüergen; Güttinger, Franziska; Fischer, Gabriele; Jagsch, Reinhold; Olsson, Börje; Ekendahl, Mats; Verster, Annette; Camposeragna, Antonella; Pezous, Anne Marie; Gossop, Michael; Manning, Victoria; Cox, Gemma; Ryder, Niamh; Gerevich, József; Bácskai, Erika; Casas, Miguel; Matalí, Josep Lluís; Krausz, Michael

doi:10.1159/000079834

Cited by 49 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…However, co-occurring use of several illicit drugs was comparable to the amphetamine group, and psychiatric symptoms were common. Cocaine users are known to be fewer in this Swedish setting [15,28] . Variables distinguishing amphetamine users from cocaine were older age, injection drug use, birth in a Nordic country, daily tobacco use, history of institution treatment, and urban residence.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Characteristics of Primary Amphetamine Users in Sweden: A Criminal Justice Population Examined with the Addiction Severity Index

2008

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Background/Aims: Characteristics of primary amphetamine, heroin and cocaine users were compared in a criminal justice population. Methods: 7,085 clients with suspected or reported substance use were studied using the Addiction Severity Index. Variables separating amphetamine, heroin and cocaine users were analyzed in stepwise logistic regression. Results: There were considerably more primary amphetamine users (n = 1,396) than heroin (n = 392) and cocaine (n = 119) users. Amphetamine users were older, a more rural population, and less likely to be non-Nordic immigrants. Compared with heroin, amphetamine use was associated with older age, Nordic origin, nonurban residence, memory/concentration problems, parental alcohol problems, and less history of other opioid use, overdose and detoxification. Compared with cocaine, amphetamine use was associated with older age, Nordic origin, nonurban residence, injecting, tobacco and institution treatment. Overlap of drug use between groups was relatively uncommon. Conclusion: This pattern of amphetamine use, common among Swedish criminals, has relatively distinct boundaries from heroin and cocaine use, commonly involves injecting, and differs from other countries. Psychiatric problems and alcohol heredity were common, and evidence-based treatment for amphetamine users is needed. The connection between amphetamine use and criminal behavior is insufficiently understood and should be further addressed.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In contrast to amphetamine, cocaine use is less common in Sweden than in many comparable countries [28] . It is the primary drug of 2% of treatment seekers, and very few report injecting it [15] .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 90%

Characteristics of Primary Amphetamine Users in Sweden: A Criminal Justice Population Examined with the Addiction Severity Index

2008

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“…Cocaine abuse on admission as well as after 1 year was more prevalent among the patients admitted to MMT during the later period and among the waiting list group in our study. We attribute this difference to the general increased trend of cocaine usage in the Western world [19,20] and in Israel as well [21] during these years.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Long Waiting Period to Enter Methadone Maintenance Treatment: Relation to Patient Characteristics and Outcome

Peles

Schreiber²,

Sason³

et al. 2012

Eur Addict Res

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Methadone maintenance treatment is a chronic treatment for opiate addicts. After having reached full capacity, new admissions to our clinic were delayed (through a waiting list) for all but opiate addicts with HIV and pregnant women. We compared characteristics and outcomes between patients admitted without delay (1993–2002) and those admitted through a waiting list (2003–2009). All 704 patients admitted between June 1993 and June 2009 were followed up until June 2010. There were 470 patients in the early period and 234 in the late period (56 patients were admitted immediately and 178 after 1.1 ± 0.8 years of waiting). Predictors for 1-year retention in treatment (logistic regression model) were if a patient self-referred during the late period, on a waiting list. The waiting list patient group was characterized by older age and self-referral – two known independent predictors of better retention that were attributed to their superior retention rate.

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“…As in other European regions, cocaine use is on the rise in Amsterdam and has gradually become more dominant [3] , not only among the aging heroin users but also among marginalized young drug users (YDUs) and the general population. Among Amsterdam methadone patients who used heroin in the previous 30 days, 85% also used cocaine [4] .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transitions in Drug Use in a New Generation of Problem Drug Users in Amsterdam: a 6-Year Follow-Up Study

et al. 2009

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Aims: This study describes the transitions in drug use in Amsterdam among young drug users (YDUs) who are inhaling or injecting cocaine or using illicitly obtained opiates. Methods: From 2000 until 2003, 187 YDUs (≤30 years) were recruited of whom 126 were followed into 2007. Results: During the 6 months prior to inclusion, 95% used cocaine, 60% used illicit opiates, and 9% injected more than once a week. During follow-up, the incidence of new-onset heroin use was 4.8/100 person-years. The incidence of injecting was much lower for never-injectors (2.1/100 person-years) than for ever-injectors who relapsed (13.2/100 person-years). Transition to abstinence or nonfrequent drug use is common (23/100 person-years), mostly followed by a relapse (73/100 person-years). Polydrug users were less likely to discontinue their frequent drug use than monodrug users. Conclusions: Treatment services should target the crack cocaine users to prevent further marginalization and, during abstinence, to prevent relapse. Although the prevalence and incidence of injecting are relatively low, it is still an option for opiate users, especially those with a history of injecting.

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Cocaine Use in Europe – A Multi-Centre Study

Cited by 49 publications

References 18 publications

Characteristics of Primary Amphetamine Users in Sweden: A Criminal Justice Population Examined with the Addiction Severity Index

Characteristics of Primary Amphetamine Users in Sweden: A Criminal Justice Population Examined with the Addiction Severity Index

Long Waiting Period to Enter Methadone Maintenance Treatment: Relation to Patient Characteristics and Outcome

Transitions in Drug Use in a New Generation of Problem Drug Users in Amsterdam: a 6-Year Follow-Up Study

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