Coccolithophores and the biological pump: responses to environmental changes

Rost, Björn; Riebesell, Ulf

doi:10.1007/978-3-662-06278-4_5

Cited by 296 publications

(334 citation statements)

References 84 publications

(123 reference statements)

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“…Phytoplankton species that are able to enhance their CO 2 supply by CCMs (Raven, 1991) may exhibit no or minimal sensitivity to CO 2 enrichment (Raven and Johnson, 1991;Rost et al, 2003;Giordano et al, 2005). Others, such as the coccolithophore Emiliania huxleyi, respond to CO 2 enrichment with an increase in primary production (Rost and Riebesell, 2004). This suggests that the efficiency and regulation of CCMs differ among phytoplankton functional groups and species.…”

Section: A Engel Et Al: Co 2 Increases 14 C Primary Productionmentioning

confidence: 99%

CO2 increases 14C primary production in an Arctic plankton community

et al. 2013

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Abstract. Responses to ocean acidification in plankton communities were studied during a CO2-enrichment experiment in the Arctic Ocean, accomplished from June to July 2010 in Kongsfjorden, Svalbard (78°56′ 2′′ N, 11°53′ 6′′ E). Enclosed in 9 mesocosms (volume: 43.9–47.6 m3), plankton was exposed to CO2 concentrations, ranging from glacial to projected mid-next-century levels. Fertilization with inorganic nutrients at day 13 of the experiment supported the accumulation of phytoplankton biomass, as indicated by two periods of high chl a concentration. This study tested for CO2 sensitivities in primary production (PP) of particulate organic carbon (PPPOC) and of dissolved organic carbon (PPDOC). Therefore, 14C-bottle incubations (24 h) of mesocosm samples were performed at 1 m depth receiving about 60% of incoming radiation. PP for all mesocosms averaged 8.06 ± 3.64 μmol C L−1 d−1 and was slightly higher than in the outside fjord system. Comparison between mesocosms revealed significantly higher PPPOC at elevated compared to low pCO2 after nutrient addition. PPDOC was significantly higher in CO2-enriched mesocosms before as well as after nutrient addition, suggesting that CO2 had a direct influence on DOC production. DOC concentrations inside the mesocosms increased before nutrient addition and more in high CO2 mesocosms. After addition of nutrients, however, further DOC accumulation was negligible and not significantly different between treatments, indicating rapid utilization of freshly produced DOC. Bacterial biomass production (BP) was coupled to PP in all treatments, indicating that 3.5 ± 1.9% of PP or 21.6 ± 12.5% of PPDOC provided on average sufficient carbon for synthesis of bacterial biomass. During the later course of the bloom, the response of 14C-based PP rates to CO2 enrichment differed from net community production (NCP) rates that were also determined during this mesocosm campaign. We conclude that the enhanced release of labile DOC during autotrophic production at high CO2 exceedingly stimulated activities of heterotrophic microorganisms. As a consequence, increased PP induced less NCP, as suggested earlier for carbon-limited microbial systems in the Arctic.

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Section: A Engel Et Al: Co 2 Increases 14 C Primary Productionmentioning

confidence: 99%

CO2 increases 14C primary production in an Arctic plankton community

et al. 2013

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“…The CO 2 limitation of diatom growth has been shown in some species (Riebesell et al, 1993), but not others (Goldman, 1999), whereas carbon fixation by E. huxleyi has been shown to be limited at current atmospheric CO 2 concentrations (Rost and Riebesell, 2004;Riebesell et al, 2007). Phytoplankton growth is generally regarded to be CO 2 -saturated in the modern ocean, however (The Royal Society, 2005), and the small size of eukaryotic picoplankton would appear to militate against CO 2 limitation as the explanation for the positive response of Micromonas-like prasinophytes to high CO 2 /acidification reported here (Raven, 1991).…”

Section: Diversity Of Form I Rbcl Sequencesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rapid shifts in picoeukaryote community structure in response to ocean acidification

Meakin

Wyman

2011

The ISME Journal

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Rapid shifts in picoeukaryote community structure were observed during a CO 2 perturbation experiment in which we followed the development of phytoplankton blooms in nutrient-amended mesocosms under the present day or predicted future atmospheric pCO 2 (750 latm, seawater pH 7.8). Analysis of rbcL clone libraries (encoding the large subunit of RubisCO) and specific quantitative PCR assays showed that two prasinophytes closely related to Micromonas pusilla and Bathycoccus prasinos were present, but responded very differently to high CO 2 /acidification. We found that the abundance of Micromonas-like phylotypes was significantly higher (420-fold) under elevated CO 2 /low pH, whereas the Bathycoccus-like phylotypes were more evenly distributed between treatments and dominated the prasinophyte community under ambient conditions.

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“…Coccolithophores fix CO 2 into organic matter by photosynthesis, contributing to the drawdown of atmospheric CO 2 (Raven and Falkowski, 1999). Calcification, on the other hand, releases CO 2 in the short term (Rost and Riebesell, 2004) and stores carbon in coccoliths in the long term (Sikes et al, 1980;Westbroek et al, 1993). In addition, coccolith ballast can accelerate the removal of organic carbon from upper water layers and aid long-term burial of carbon (Ziveri et al, 2007).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phosphorus limitation and heat stress decrease calcification in Emiliania huxleyi

et al. 2018

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Abstract. Calcifying haptophytes (coccolithophores) sequester carbon in the form of organic and inorganic cellular components (coccoliths). We examined the effect of phosphorus (P) limitation and heat stress on particulate organic and inorganic carbon (calcite) production in the coccolithophore Emiliania huxleyi. Both environmental stressors are related to rising CO 2 levels and affect carbon production in marine microalgae, which in turn impacts biogeochemical cycling. Using semi-continuous cultures, we show that P limitation and heat stress decrease the calcification rate in E. huxleyi. However, using batch cultures, we show that different culturing approaches (batch versus semi-continuous) induce different physiologies. This affects the ratio of particulate inorganic (PIC) to organic carbon (POC) and complicates general predictions on the effect of P limitation on the PIC / POC ratio. We found heat stress to increase P requirements in E. huxleyi, possibly leading to lower standing stocks in a warmer ocean, especially if this is linked to lower nutrient input. In summary, the predicted rise in global temperature and resulting decrease in nutrient availability may decrease CO 2 sequestration by E. huxleyi through lower overall carbon production. Additionally, the export of carbon may be diminished by a decrease in calcification and a weaker coccolith ballasting effect.

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Coccolithophores and the biological pump: responses to environmental changes

Cited by 296 publications

References 84 publications

CO<sub>2</sub> increases <sup>14</sup>C primary production in an Arctic plankton community

CO<sub>2</sub> increases <sup>14</sup>C primary production in an Arctic plankton community

Rapid shifts in picoeukaryote community structure in response to ocean acidification

Phosphorus limitation and heat stress decrease calcification in <i>Emiliania huxleyi</i>

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Coccolithophores and the biological pump: responses to environmental changes

Cited by 296 publications

References 84 publications

CO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; increases &lt;sup&gt;14&lt;/sup&gt;C primary production in an Arctic plankton community

CO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; increases &lt;sup&gt;14&lt;/sup&gt;C primary production in an Arctic plankton community

Rapid shifts in picoeukaryote community structure in response to ocean acidification

Phosphorus limitation and heat stress decrease calcification in &lt;i&gt;Emiliania huxleyi&lt;/i&gt;

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CO<sub>2</sub> increases <sup>14</sup>C primary production in an Arctic plankton community

CO<sub>2</sub> increases <sup>14</sup>C primary production in an Arctic plankton community

Phosphorus limitation and heat stress decrease calcification in <i>Emiliania huxleyi</i>