Cochlear Implants in Children and Adolescents

Lammers, Marc J. W.; Heijden, Geert J. M. G. van der; Grolman, Wilko

doi:10.1001/archpediatrics.2012.120

Cited by 2 publications

(3 citation statements)

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“…CT demonstrates absence of the cochlea, and the vestibulum, semicircular canals and the internal auditory tube may be normal, hypoplastic or dilated ( Figure 2). The cochlear promontory is flat, and the labyrinth, geniculate ganglion and tympanic portion of the facial nerve occupy the space of the cochlea (3) . Cochlear aplasia may be associated with cochlear nerve aplasia, which is only visualized at MRI ( Figures 3 and 4) (2) .…”

Section: Absolute Contraindicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Thanks to such a process, a great part of sensorineural hypoacusis cases can be reversed by means of the cochlear implant, as the sounds are received by a microphone, in the form of codes which are decoded, and directly stimulate the cochlea (implant), being converted into electrical signals. In those cases of cochlear nerve aplasia, where the implant is contraindicated, there is the possibility of stimulating the ganglion at the brain stem (1)(2)(3)(4) .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The procedure consists in a small incision behind the auricle, followed by mastoidectomy and opening of the facial recess in order to reach the basal coil of the cochlea, next to the round window, and insertion of the cochlear electrode (1)(2)(3) .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Cochlear implant: what the radiologist should know

et al. 2013

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Cochlear implant is the method of choice in the treatment of deep sensorineural hypoacusis, particularly in patients where conventional amplification devices do not imply noticeable clinical improvement. Imaging findings are crucial in the indication or contraindication for such surgical procedure. In the assessment of the temporal bone, radiologists should be familiar with relative or absolute contraindication factors, as well as with factors that might significantly complicate the implantation. Some criteria such as cochlear nerve aplasia, labyrinthine and/or cochlear aplasia are still considered as absolute contraindications, in spite of studies bringing such criteria into question. Cochlear dysplasias constitute relative contraindications, among them labyrinthitis ossificans is highlighted. Other alterations may be mentioned as complicating agents in the temporal bone assessment, namely, hypoplasia of the mastoid process, aberrant facial nerve, otomastoiditis, otosclerosis, dehiscent jugular bulb, enlarged endolymphatic duct and sac. The experienced radiologist assumes an important role in the evaluation of this condition. Keywords: Cochlear aplasia; Labyrinthine aplasia; Sensorineural hypoacusis; Cochlear implant; Computed tomography.O implante coclear é o método de escolha no tratamento da hipoacusia neurossensorial profunda, notadamente nos pacientes em que os aparelhos de amplificação convencionais não implicam melhora clínica notável. Achados de imagem são fatores decisórios na indicação ou contraindicação desse procedimento cirúrgico. Os fatores que contraindicam absoluta ou relativamente, assim como os que podem complicar de forma significativa o implante, devem ser familiares aos radiologistas na avaliação do osso temporal. Alguns critérios ainda são considerados contraindicações absolutas, como a aplasia do nervo coclear, a aplasia da cóclea e/ou labiríntica, apesar de já existirem relatos que questionam ou contradizem esses dois últimos. As contraindicações relativas são as displasias cocleares, destacando a labirintite ossificante. Outros achados podem ser citados como agentes complicadores na avaliação temporal, tais como hipoplasia do processo mastoideo, nervo facial aberrante, otomastoidite, otosclerose, deiscência do bulbo da jugular, alargamento dos ductos e saco endolinfático. O radiologista experiente na avaliação do osso temporal assume papel de destaque no curso dessa doença. Unitermos: Aplasia coclear; Aplasia labiríntica; Hipoacusia neurossensorial; Implante coclear; Tomografia computadorizada. Abstract DISCUSSIONCochlear implant consists in the subcutaneous implantation of a receptor behind the ear and a cochlear electrode passing through the mastoid cavity, which directly stimulates the acoustic nerve. The receptor sends a signal to the electrode implanted at the basal coil of the cochlea. Such signal is transformed into an electrical stimulation which propagates throughout the remaining auditory pathways until reaching the auditory cortex of the temporal lobe ing factors in the ind...

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Section: Absolute Contraindicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Cochlear implant: what the radiologist should know

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Are Active Video Games Useful in Increasing Physical Activity and Addressing Obesity in Children?

Chaput¹,

LeBlanc²,

Goldfield³

et al. 2013

JAMA Pediatr

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reached "moderate intensity" and another, only light intensity levels of energy expenditure, but both demonstrated greater energy expended than playing a sedentary video game. This study repeats the findings of many similar studies 2 and now reviews and meta-analyses 3 over the last few years demonstrating a short-term increase in energy expenditure. However, from a public health perspective, is this kind of AVG intervention really likely to produce population-level improvements in the established risks of inactivity and obesity among adolescents?We believe the answer partly lies in the prevalence of the active behaviors, their frequency, and long-term behavioral maintenance. One of the only studies to assess the prevalence of AVG use was a recent cross-sectional study of 1200 adolescents in Montreal, Quebec, Canada. 4 This study identified that nearly a quarter of Montreal teenagers reported some active video gaming. Nonetheless, these AVG players were also 4 times as likely to play sedentary video games and much more likely to watch television and use computers at home compared with nongamers. They were also slightly more likely to be overweight and slightly less likely to reach recommended physical activity guidelines, all of which provide data contrary to the "AVG promoting population health" hypothesis.The limitations in the plethora of published active video gaming studies are that their increase in energy expenditure may be transient, study samples are small, and behavioral maintenance outside of AVG play time is not assessed. One would need large-scale studies, objectively monitoring total physical activity (with accelerometers), examining behavioral persistence and maintenance, and examining whether total energy expenditure increased across the day, if any real health benefits are possible for the population of adolescents through active gaming. Nonetheless, the optimistic reports of these potential benefits pervade this literature, despite the fact that boredom and discontinuation of active play are likely to occur over time. 5 For this reason, this field of research needs to be more population focused rather than just repeating the now well-established finding that there is objectively increased energy expenditure during AVG play.

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Cochlear Implants in Children and Adolescents

Cited by 2 publications

References 4 publications

Cochlear implant: what the radiologist should know

Cochlear implant: what the radiologist should know

Are Active Video Games Useful in Increasing Physical Activity and Addressing Obesity in Children?

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