Coconut Cadang-Cadang

Randles, J. W.

doi:10.1007/978-1-4613-1855-2_14

Cited by 8 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…Coconut cadang-cadang viroid (CCCV) has different molecular forms: CC1S, a small (S) monomeric form of 246-247 nucleotide resi dues, and CC1L, which is CC1S containing a reiterated sequence of 41-55 residues at the right-hand end of the molecule, producing a large (L) form [Randles, 1987]. CC1S is de tected in the early stages of the disease and coexists with CC1L in the medium stages, while CC1L is the form that persists in the late stages [Imperial et al, 1981: Mohamed et al, 1982, These observtions could be explained by assuming that CC1L, due to the sequence reiteration, would have a higher affinity than CCIS for a limiting host factor, out-compet ing this latter form in the course of the dis ease.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interactions between Citrus Exocortis and Potato Spindle Tuber Viroids in Plants of Gynura aurantiaca and Lycopersicon esculentum

Pallás¹,

Flores²

1989

Intervirology

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Plants of Gynura aurantiaca and tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) were inoculated with severe strains of citrus exocortis viroid (CEV) and potato spindle tuber viroid (PSTV). The progeny of both viroids was analyzed by two systems of PAGE which allowed discrimination between CEV and PSTV on the basis of their different sizes. When inoculated separately to G. aurantiaca CEV and PSTV induced severe and very mild symptoms, respectively, with CEV accumulating to a higher level than PSTV, whereas when tomato was the host, each viroid induced severe symptoms (although the reaction caused by PSTV was more intense) with PSTV reaching a higher steady-state concentration than CEV. The simultaneous inoculation of both viroids induced in G. aurantiaca the characteristic symptomatology of CEV, which was the only viroid that could be detected, whereas the response observed in tomato was that typical of PSTV, and only this viroid could be recovered. On the other hand, when G. aurantiaca plants were first inoculated with PSTV and later challenged with CEV, part of the plants displayed the characteristic severe reaction of CEV and both viroids were present in the corresponding extracts, but the other part showed the mild symptomatology induced by PSTV, and only this viroid could be isolated. However, when the protected plants were topped the new shoots exhibited severe symptoms and only CEV could be detected. These results suggest that CEV and PSTV compete for a limiting host factor needed for their replication, transport or accumulation, with CEV and PSTV having the highest affinity for the G. aurantiaca and tomato factors, respectively.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interactions between Citrus Exocortis and Potato Spindle Tuber Viroids in Plants of Gynura aurantiaca and Lycopersicon esculentum

Pallás¹,

Flores²

1989

Intervirology

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“…In the Philippines, the spread of Cadang-Cadang disease is managed by regulating movement of coconut products across internal quarantine boundaries (Carpio, 2011; -cited by Geering and Randles, 2012). Control by eradication has been unsuccessful, while replanting does not significantly affect disease spread, but only allow to maintain production in affected areas (Randles, 1987).…”

Section: Control Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pest categorisation of Cadang‐Cadang viroid

Jeger¹,

Bragard²,

Caffier³

et al. 2017

EFS2

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The EFSA Panel on Plant Health performed a pest categorisation of Cadang-Cadang viroid for the European Union (EU) territory. Coconut cadang-cadang viroid (CCCVd) is a well-known viroid for which efficient molecular detection assays are available. It is transmitted by vegetative multiplication of infected hosts, by seed and pollen and, possibly, by the action of unknown vector(s). CCCVd is reported from a few countries in Asia and is not known to occur in the EU. It therefore does not meet one of the criteria for being a Union regulated non-quarantine pest. The host range of CCCVd is restricted to Arecaceae species (palms), in particular coconut and it is listed on all known hosts in Annex IIAI of Directive 2000/29/EC. CCCVd is expected to be able to enter in the EU and to be able to establish in the open in the southernmost regions of the EU and elsewhere under protected cultivation. It has the potential to subsequently spread via plants for planting and possibly other mechanisms. CCCVd is able to cause severe symptoms in some Arecaceae species while others seem less affected. The potential impact of CCCVd if introduced in the EU is very difficult to assess. Given that the spread potential is, as for other viroids, likely to be limited, the potential impact is estimated to be limited in extent but this judgement is affected by large uncertainties. Overall, CCCVd meets all the criteria evaluated by EFSA to qualify as Union quarantine pest. The main knowledge gaps concern (1) the relationships between CCCVd-related RNAs and CCCVd, (2) the origin and volume of the trade in palm seeds and plants for planting imported in the EU (3) the efficiency of natural spread under EU conditions and (4) host status and susceptibility of many palm species grown in the EU.

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“…(RNA) molecule with a small genome (246-297 nt), causing cadang-cadang disease in coconut. More than 40 million coconut palms have been affected and destroyed due to the viroid in the Philippines (Randles and Rodriguez, 2003). Although initial studies on the viroid were reported in coconut palms, the occurrence of its variants has also been reported in African oil palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.)…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of Real-Time Pcr, Conventional PCR and Rt-Lamp for the Detection of Coconut Cadang-Cadang Viroid Variant in Oil Palm

ROSLAN¹

2022

JOPR

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Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (real-time PCR) was designed for the detection of oil palmCoconut Cadang-cadang Viroid (CCCVd) 246 nt variant. The primers and probe specifically designed for the real-time PCR were optimised with 300 nM of probe against a primer concentration of 400 nM for the detection of oil palm CCCVd variants. Oil palm CCCVd 246 nt variant was successfully detected using realtime PCR in leaf samples collected from 14 symptomatic oil palm from various regions. The sensitivity of real-time PCR was compared with reverse transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplification (RT-LAMP) and conventional PCR. The latter two techniques were reported earlier to be able to detect CCCVd variants in oil palm. Conventional PCR analysis using CCCVd full-length primers detected the presence of CCCVd 246 nt variant in 10 while RT-LAMP detected only seven positive samples from the total 14 field samples.The real-time PCR was highly sensitive and reliable compared to the two detection techniques. The primers designed for the real-time PCR were specific as only the oil palm CCCVd variant plasmid was detected with high fluorescence and lowest quantification cycle (Cq value) compared to the other tested viroids (ASSVd, CTiVd, ELVd, HLVd and PLMVd). The present study has proven the reliability of the technique, thus, highly recommending the next step of developing the high-throughput diagnostic procedure for the eventual use in epidemiological monitoring programmes.

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Coconut Cadang-Cadang

Cited by 8 publications

References 23 publications

Interactions between Citrus Exocortis and Potato Spindle Tuber Viroids in Plants of <i>Gynura aurantiaca</i> and <i>Lycopersicon esculentum</i>

Interactions between Citrus Exocortis and Potato Spindle Tuber Viroids in Plants of <i>Gynura aurantiaca</i> and <i>Lycopersicon esculentum</i>

Pest categorisation of Cadang‐Cadang viroid

Comparison of Real-Time Pcr, Conventional PCR and Rt-Lamp for the Detection of Coconut Cadang-Cadang Viroid Variant in Oil Palm

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