Codes of ethics and tourism: An exploratory content analysis

Malloy, David Cruise; Fennell, David A.

doi:10.1016/s0261-5177(98)00042-9

Cited by 119 publications

(77 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…Previous research supports such a teleological approach for analyzing ethical dilemmas (Jazray, 2002;Blanchard and Peale, 1988;Hall, 1992) and there is potential in the tourism industry for a teleological approach to ethics to be used as a means by which to educate and learn through an understanding of the consequences of one's actions (Malloy and Fennell, 1998). The danger with this approach is that once an (often) economic benefit disappears to protect or preserve, then so does the basis on which the preservation is justified.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…If tourism students seem to adopt a teleological approach to ethical dilemmas, then legislation can only expect to be effective if accompanied by stringent penalties that make the outlawed behaviour not worthwhile, and hence the need to understand how decisions are made. Malloy & Fennell (1998), Cleek & Leonard (1998) and Stevens (2001) all point to the increasing prevalence of codes of ethics employed by the tourism industry as a tool to provide guidance to employees when making decisions. An important contribution in this area has been made by the World Tourism Organization, who in 1999 approved the Global Code of Ethics for Tourism that consolidated and reinforced previous recommendations and declarations on sustainable tourism.…”

Section: Ethical Decision Makingmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Ethical Orientation and Awareness of Tourism Students

Hudson

Miller

2005

J Bus Ethics

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The tourism industry is one of the largest industries in the world, and despite recent events that have made its operating environment more complex, the industry continues to grow (Theobald, 2005). Commensurate to the size of the industry is a growth in the number of students pursuing degree courses in tourism around the world. Despite an increasingly sophisticated literature, the relative recency of the industry and its study has meant little attention has been paid in the ethics literature to the dilemmas facing tourism managers and its students. Based on interviews with senior members of the tourism industry six scenarios are developed with pertinence to the challenges faced by industry practitioners today. This paper then applies the Multidimensional Ethics Scale (Reidenbach and Robin, 1990) to tourism students at three prominent universities in the UK, Canada and Australia. In total, 438 responses are achieved. The results have importance for the instruction of tourism students for the future, but also in informing decisions about the tools tourism destinations can effectively employ to control the future direction of the industry.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Section: Ethical Decision Makingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ethical Orientation and Awareness of Tourism Students

Hudson

Miller

2005

J Bus Ethics

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“…These codes are designed to set the ethical standard, guide, communicate and educate organizational members (Malloy & Fennell, 1998 ;Payne & Dimanche, 1996). From the late 1970s, mostly encouraged by external pressure, the tourism industry therefore began to establish guidelines for standards of behaviour.…”

Section: Codes Of Ethics In the Tourism Industrymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A code may be no more than a statement of a company's legal responsibilities and the conduct it expects from its employees and clients, rather than enumerating any ethical principles and aspirations that its management holds or aspires to (Hall & Brown, 2008). Moreover, the compilation of codes of conduct in tourism may sometimes appear to be a means whereby company management can deflect responsibility away from itself towards its employees, or, more especially, to its tourist clients (Malloy & Fennell, 1998). Fisher (2003) has distinguished between surface and deep approaches to ethics in understanding the difference between rhetoric and actual business practice.…”

Section: Codes Of Ethics In the Tourism Industrymentioning

confidence: 99%

The Application of Collective Ethics Charters: The Case of French Adventure Tour-Operators

Dornier¹,

Cothias²,

Loussaïef³

2010

IBR

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In recent years the tourism industry has seen the emergence of associations whose purpose is to encourage firms to behave in a more ethical fashion. In particular, ATR (Agir Pour un Tourisme Responsable: Action for responsible tourism) and ATES (Association pour le Tourisme Equitable et Solidaire: Association for equitable and interdependent tourism) represent an ever-larger number of tour operators who seek an increased commitment to sustainable tourism. Given this concern, and basing our research on the perceptions of adventure-tour operators top managers, we propose to explore to what extent the principles enunciated in these collective ethics charters have actually been applied within their organizations and "on the ground". An analysis of the observations we have collected shows that the application of these charters is still unsatisfactory on many levels, for reasons that are as much structural as they are economic or human. This leads to recommendations which we believe are likely to promote a better application of these charters in future.

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“…Frameworks that have been developed to answer this question have been often based on two opposite ethical principles that are deontology and teleology (Malloy and Fennell, 1998;Rusconi, 1996). While the former deals with the means or rules followed by the actor as the criteria for ethical or unethical conduct, the latter deals with the ends or consequences of action.…”

Section: Introduction: Ethics Tourism and Uncertaintymentioning

confidence: 99%

Defining a sustainable overbooking approach in the hospitality industry

Fasone

Faldetta

2013

IJSSM

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Tourism industry is characterised by a growing uncertainty about volume of demand and relationships with tourists. Hotels often practice overbooking to face uncertainty, seeking to maximise rooms' occupancy rates acting on the reduction of uncertainty on demand. At the same time overbooking is often correlated to an increase of uncertainty in relationships because it is very difficult to predict how different customers might react facing overbooking. This article aims to compare two different overbooking approaches: the traditional overbooking approach and an alternative one, called fair and transparent overbooking, according to which customers are made aware in advance of the possibility of overbooking. The main objective is to understand what are the consequences of traditional overbooking, both positive and negative, and then to figure out if the introduction of a new overbooking formula could alleviate the negative consequences, while maintaining the benefits, making it more sustainable from a social, relational and economic point of view. The theoretical analysis is supported by an empirical survey which aims to verify how overbooking is common, for which reasons is mainly practised by hotels and what are the main benefits and problems. Finally, the survey aimed to explore the possibility of practicing the fair and transparent overbooking.

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Codes of ethics and tourism: An exploratory content analysis

Cited by 119 publications

References 21 publications

Ethical Orientation and Awareness of Tourism Students

Ethical Orientation and Awareness of Tourism Students

The Application of Collective Ethics Charters: The Case of French Adventure Tour-Operators

Defining a sustainable overbooking approach in the hospitality industry

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