Coeliac disease

Gliadins in Foods and the Electronic Tongue

“…The introduction of gluten-rich foods in the human diet led to the development of disease related to gluten exposure (Sapone et al, 2012;Troncone and Jabri, 2011). These reactions are not restricted to celiac disease, but also include nonceliac gluten sensitivity and wheat allergy, which combined affect about 10% of the general population (Battais et al, 2003(Battais et al, , 2005Lammers et al, 2014;Williams et al, 2010;Woodward, 2010). Moreover, they represent distinct pathophysiological reactions to gluten ingestion, with differing clinical presentations, serological markers, and long-term treatments (Bai et al, 2013;Briani et al, 2008;Ciclitira et al, 2005b).…”

“…In the case of celiac patients, the exposure to gluten induces an inflammatory response that ultimately will lead to the destruction of the villous structure of the intestine (Shan et al, 2002;Williams et al, 2010;Woodward, 2010). It usually appears in early childhood with pronounced symptoms such as chronic diarrhea, abdominal distension, and failure to thrive.…”

“…Indeed, the main clinical issues in the management of celiac disease are that the diagnostics are suboptimal and invasive, and that patients must rely on a complex, costly, and life-long therapy (TyeDin et al, 2010). While intestinal biopsy is still considered the gold standard for diagnosing celiac disease, the presence of highly specific autoantibodies in patient serum has been clinically used as a marker for screening candidates for duodenal biopsy (Bizzaro et al, 2012;Ciclitira and Moodie, 2003;Williams et al, 2010;Woodward, 2010). Additionally, the relevance of antibody assessment in predicting celiac disease has increased along with the number of patients with minor or atypical symptoms.…”

Paediatric gastrointestinal conditions and their oral implications

“…An environmental trigger seems involved to initiate the disease in a susceptible individual, but its nature remains speculation. Undiagnosed patients with coeliac have a higher risk of osteoporosis or small bowel MALT lymphoma later in life, but a gluten‐free diet reduces these risks.…”

“…Positive results in these are significant. Endoscopy with jejunal biopsy is the most accurate test, but it is not usually performed unless there is evidence of growth failure together with and antibody profile suggesting coeliac.…”