Coexistence of Discrete-Variable QKD with WDM Classical Signals in the C-Band for Fiber Access Environments

Zavitsanos, Dimitris; Giannoulis, Giannis; Raptakis, Adam; Papapanos, Christos; Setaki, Fotini; Theodoropoulou, Eleni; Lyberopoulos, George; Kouloumentas, Christos; Avramopoulos, H.

doi:10.1109/icton.2019.8840255

Cited by 8 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…It is important to mention in here that for longer lengths of MCFs, the effect of the Raman noise is more evident and should be considered while designing inter-datacenters architectures with interconnection distances of tens of kilometers [39]. However, it has been demonstrated that Raman noise is also evident even at short optical fiber lengths [40].…”

Section: Performance Evaluation Of the Coexistence Of A Dv-qkd Channel And 112 Tb/s Classical Channels Over A 7-core Multicore Fibermentioning

confidence: 97%

11.2 Tb/s Classical Channel Coexistence With DV-QKD Over a 7-Core Multicore Fiber

Hugues-Salas

Alia

Wang

et al. 2020

J. Lightwave Technol.

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The feasibility of transmitting discrete-variable quantum key distribution channels with carrier-grade classical optical channels over multicore fibers is experimentally explored in terms of achievable quantum bit error rates, secret key rates as well as classical signal bit error rates. A coexistence transmission record of 11.2 Tb/s is achieved for the classical channels simultaneously with a DV-QKD channel over a 1 km-long 7-core multicore fiber. Coexistence over the same multicore fiber core is identified as a dominant factor for the performance of the quantum channel requiring optical bandpass filtering of 17nm for the quantum channel to avoid the effect of Raman noise. Also, counter-propagation of classical channels and quantum channels probe more tolerance to noise proliferation than co-propagation. In addition, the performance of the quantum channel is maintained when more than three cores are used for the classical channels. Furthermore, by adding a second DV-QKD channel in the multicore fiber, the simultaneous transmission of classical channels as well as the generation of quantum-secured keys of two QKD channels is achieved with an operational range of 10dB of launched power into the MCF.

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Section: Performance Evaluation Of the Coexistence Of A Dv-qkd Channel And 112 Tb/s Classical Channels Over A 7-core Multicore Fibermentioning

confidence: 97%

11.2 Tb/s Classical Channel Coexistence With DV-QKD Over a 7-Core Multicore Fiber

Hugues-Salas

Alia

Wang

et al. 2020

J. Lightwave Technol.

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show abstract

“…Kawahara et al used 20% degradation of DPS-QKD system key rate as the criterion and showed the upper-bound noise of forward and backward SpRS with different detectors in carriers of 1536 nm (classical channel) and 1626 nm (quantum channel) separately through simulation [4]. Similarly, Zavitsanos et al indicated that channel separation is essential and the accumulated Raman scattering photons are the dominant noise source through experiment [5], showing that an essential influence appears when the noise is greater than -10 dBm per channel in 3 km fibers.…”

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of classical data signals on quantum key distribution in industrial internet of things

Lai

2023

ACE

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Facing the increasing need of data transmission security, encrypting data through cryptography is a key solution. In an industrial Internet of things, cryptography based on quantum key distribution provides perfect secrecy with lower resource requirements of both computational power and storage compared with traditional cryptography. To explore how to deploy this technology, this paper proposes an industrial Internet of things network architecture embedded with quantum key distribution systems, combines it with the noise model of spontaneous Raman scattering and the evaluation model of quantum key distribution systems theoretically, simulates the performance in a normally used industrial environment, and works out instructions to the deployment of the raised architecture. The results also show that a better choice to avoid performance descending is to duplicate classical channels and quantum channels with the same direction instead of moving classical channels backward, while noises have the strongest influence at the transmission distance of 25 km.

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“…The speed aspects, together with the low photodetection efficiency of SPADs at telecom wavelengths, make DV-QKD systems better suited for low data rates and longer reach [2,4,5]. DV-QKD is susceptible to Raman noise and requires a careful spectral allocation for co-existence with classical signals [6]. CV-QKD enables the quantum signal to have a continuum of values instead of a discrete alphabet.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chip-Level GHz Capable Balanced Quantum Homodyne Receivers

Milovančev

Honz

Vokić

et al. 2022

J. Lightwave Technol.

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We present a design of balanced homodyne receivers suitable for ultra-low noise quantum applications such as continuous-variable quantum key distribution and quantum random number generation. For best noise and bandwidth performance a die-level low-parasitic photodiode together with a low-noise high-speed transimpedance amplifier are explored together with a planar lightwave circuit splitter chip serving as a photomixer. Bandwidths of 750 MHz and 2.6 GHz were accomplished while maintaining optimum noise performance, as evidenced by very high quantum-to-classical noise ratios of 26.8 and 18.6 dB, respectively. A common-mode rejection ratio of at least 40 dB was achieved for a frequency range of up to 1 GHz. Its application for continuous-variable quantum key distribution was evaluated by means of estimations under a strict untrusted receiver assumption, showing its potential for generating up to 43 Mbit/s secure-key rate over a reach of 10 km, whereas up to 100 Mbit/s could be supported at shorter reaches. Moreover, the high quantum-to-classical clearance values can enable high quality quantum random number generation at Gb/s rates. The multipurpose operation of the designed balanced receivers for classical communications was examined showing reception sensitivities of -55.8 and -52.6 dBm at 500 Mbit/s and 1 Gbit/s quadrature phase shift keying transmission, respectively, using the 750 MHz receiver. The faster 2.6 GHz receiver enabled 10 Gbit/s duobinary transmission at -14.8 dBm sensitivity.

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Coexistence of Discrete-Variable QKD with WDM Classical Signals in the C-Band for Fiber Access Environments

Cited by 8 publications

References 8 publications

11.2 Tb/s Classical Channel Coexistence With DV-QKD Over a 7-Core Multicore Fiber

11.2 Tb/s Classical Channel Coexistence With DV-QKD Over a 7-Core Multicore Fiber

Effect of classical data signals on quantum key distribution in industrial internet of things

Chip-Level GHz Capable Balanced Quantum Homodyne Receivers

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