Coexistence of Several Novel Hantaviruses in Rodents Indigenous to North America

Rowe, Joan E.; Jeor, Stephen C. St.; Riolo, Jeffrey; Otteson, Elmer W.; Monroe, Martha C.; Henderson, Winnie W.; Ksiazek, Thomas G.; Rollin, Pierre E.; Nichol, Stuart T.

doi:10.1006/viro.1995.1552

Cited by 70 publications

(56 citation statements)

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“…15 Recently, Bloodland Lake virus was described from the prairie vole, 25 and Isla Vista virus from the California vole (M. californicus), 4 and a genetically distinct hantavirus has been described from M. montanus. 26 No distinct hantavirus has been described from the red-backed vole. Antibody detected in this species may indicate that it is host to distinct hantaviruses or may represent interspecific spill-over of virus from known sympatric hosts.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A survey of hantavirus antibody in small-mammal populations in selected United States National Parks.

Mills¹,

Johnson²,

Ksiazek³

et al. 1998

Am J Trop Med Hyg

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Abstract. Hantavirus activity in 39 National Parks in the eastern and central United States was surveyed by testing 1,815 small mammals of 38 species for antibody reactive to Sin Nombre virus. Antibody-positive rodents were found throughout the area sampled, and in most biotic communities. Antibody was detected in 7% of 647 deer mice (Peromyscus maniculatus), 2% of 590 white-footed mice (P. leucopus), 17% of 12 rice rats (Oryzomys palustris), 3% of 31 cotton rats (Sigmodon hispidus), and 33% of 18 western harvest mice (Reithrodontomys megalotis). Antibody was also found in three of six species of voles, and in one of 33 chipmunks (Tamias minimus). Prevalence among Peromyscus was highest in the northeast. Although few cases of hantavirus pulmonary syndrome have been identified from the eastern and central regions, widespread infection in reservoir populations indicates that potential exists for human infection throughout much of the United States.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A survey of hantavirus antibody in small-mammal populations in selected United States National Parks.

Mills¹,

Johnson²,

Ksiazek³

et al. 1998

Am J Trop Med Hyg

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“…Total RNA was extracted from 10 l of blood clot, using an RNaid Plus kit (Bio101, La Jolla, Calif.) according to the manufacturer's instructions. SNV RNA was amplified by nested RT-PCR using hantavirus-specific primers as described previously (25). Products were analyzed by gel electrophoresis and direct sequencing.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Role of Maternal Antibody in Natural Infection of Peromyscus maniculatus with Sin Nombre Virus

Borucki¹,

Boone²,

Rowe³

et al. 2000

J Virol

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Data from naturally infected deer mice (Peromyscus maniculatus) were used to investigate vertical transmission of Sin Nombre virus (SNV) and SNV-specific antibody. The antibody prevalence in juvenile mice (14 g or less) was inversely proportional to the mass of the animal, with juvenile deer mice weighing less than 11 g most likely to be antibody positive (26.9%) and juvenile mice weighing between 13 and 14 g least likely to be antibody positive (12.9%). Although a significant sex bias in seropositivity was detected in adult deer mice, no significant sex bias in seropositivity was detected in juvenile animals. Ten juvenile deer mice were identified that had initially tested positive for SNV-specific immunoglobulin G (IgG) by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) but had subsequently tested negative when recaptured as adults. SNV RNA was detected by reverse transcriptase PCR (RT-PCR) in the blood of ELISA-positive adult deer mice but not in the blood of ELISApositive juveniles. One of the juvenile mice initially tested negative for SNV RNA but later tested positive when recaptured as an ELISA-positive adult. The RT-PCR results for that individual correlated with the disappearance and then reappearance of SNV-specific IgG, indicating that the presence of SNV RNA at later time points was due to infection with SNV via horizontal transmission. SNV-specific antibody present in both ELISApositive juvenile and adult mice was capable of neutralizing SNV. Additionally, our data indicate that SNV is not transmitted vertically.

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“…Naturally infected rodent reservoirs of hantaviruses produce virus-specific IgG, indicating that immune responses occur (10,(23)(24)(25)(26)(27)(28)(29). Experimental Seoul virus infection of its reservoir host, the Norway rat (Rattus norvegicus), also results in seroconversion, and signatures of regulatory T cell re-sponses, including transforming growth factor ␤ (TGF-␤) and Fox-p3, are prominent (30).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Differential Lymphocyte and Antibody Responses in Deer Mice Infected with Sin Nombre Hantavirus or Andes Hantavirus

Schountz

Quackenbush

Rovnak

et al. 2014

J Virol

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Hantavirus cardiopulmonary syndrome (HCPS) is a rodent-borne disease with a high case-fatality rate that is caused by several New World hantaviruses. Each pathogenic hantavirus is naturally hosted by a principal rodent species without conspicuous disease and infection is persistent, perhaps for life. Deer mice (Peromyscus maniculatus) are the natural reservoirs of Sin Nombre virus (SNV), the etiologic agent of most HCPS cases in North America. Deer mice remain infected despite a helper T cell response that leads to high-titer neutralizing antibodies. Deer mice are also susceptible to Andes hantavirus (ANDV), which causes most HCPS cases in South America; however, deer mice clear ANDV. We infected deer mice with SNV or ANDV to identify differences in host responses that might account for this differential outcome. SNV RNA levels were higher in the lungs but not different in the heart, spleen, or kidneys. Most ANDV-infected deer mice had seroconverted 14 days after inoculation, but none of the SNV-infected deer mice had. Examination of lymph node cell antigen recall responses identified elevated immune gene expression in deer mice infected with ANDV and suggested maturation toward a Th2 or T follicular helper phenotype in some ANDV-infected deer mice, including activation of the interleukin 4 (IL-4) pathway in T cells and B cells. These data suggest that the rate of maturation of the immune response is substantially higher and of greater magnitude during ANDV infection, and these differences may account for clearance of ANDV and persistence of SNV. IMPORTANCEHantaviruses persistently infect their reservoir rodent hosts without pathology. It is unknown how these viruses evade sterilizing immune responses in the reservoirs. We have determined that infection of the deer mouse with its homologous hantavirus, Sin Nombre virus, results in low levels of immune gene expression in antigen-stimulated lymph node cells and a poor antibody response. However, infection of deer mice with a heterologous hantavirus, Andes virus, results in a robust lymph node cell response, signatures of T and B cell maturation, and production of antibodies. These findings suggest that an early and aggressive immune response to hantaviruses may lead to clearance in a reservoir host and suggest that a modest immune response may be a component of hantavirus ecology.

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Coexistence of Several Novel Hantaviruses in Rodents Indigenous to North America

Cited by 70 publications

References 0 publications

A survey of hantavirus antibody in small-mammal populations in selected United States National Parks.

A survey of hantavirus antibody in small-mammal populations in selected United States National Parks.

Role of Maternal Antibody in Natural Infection of Peromyscus maniculatus with Sin Nombre Virus

Differential Lymphocyte and Antibody Responses in Deer Mice Infected with Sin Nombre Hantavirus or Andes Hantavirus

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