Coffee and tea consumption, genotype-basedCYP1A2andNAT2activity and colorectal cancer risk-Results from the EPIC cohort study

Abstract

Coffee and tea contain numerous antimutagenic and antioxidant components and high levels of caffeine that may protect against colorectal cancer (CRC). We investigated the association between coffee and tea consumption and CRC risk and studied potential effect modification by CYP1A2 and NAT2 genotypes, enzymes involved in the metabolization of caffeine. Data from 477,071 participants (70.2% female) of the European Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) cohort study were analyzed. At baseline (1992–2000) habitual (total, caffeinated and decaffeinated) coffee and tea consumption was assessed with dietary questionnaires. Cox proportional hazards models were used to estimate adjusted hazard ratio's (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI). Potential effect modification by genotype‐based CYP1A2 and NAT2 activity was studied in a nested case–control set of 1,252 cases and 2,175 controls. After a median follow‐up of 11.6 years, 4,234 participants developed CRC (mean age 64.7 ± 8.3 years). Total coffee consumption (high vs. non/low) was not associated with CRC risk (HR 1.06, 95% CI 0.95–1.18) or subsite cancers, and no significant associations were found for caffeinated (HR 1.10, 95% CI 0.97–1.26) and decaffeinated coffee (HR 0.96, 95% CI 0.84–1.11) and tea (HR 0.97, 95% CI 0.86–1.09). High coffee and tea consuming subjects with slow CYP1A2 or NAT2 activity had a similar CRC risk compared to non/low coffee and tea consuming subjects with a fast CYP1A2 or NAT2 activity, which suggests that caffeine metabolism does not affect the link between coffee and tea consumption and CRC risk. This study shows that coffee and tea consumption is not likely to be associated with overall CRC.

Association of coffee consumption with risk of colorectal cancer: a meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies

“…After the initial screening, based on the titles and abstracts, 317 articles remained for further full-text assessment. After retrieving the full-text review for detailed evaluation, 19 prospective cohort studies [13–31] examining the association between coffee consumption and colorectal cancer risk were identified. The results of the literature research and selection are presented in Figure 1.…”

“…Four studies assessed the coffee consumption without using a specific dietary assessment method, and the rest of studies assessed coffee consumption with food frequency questionnaires (FFQ). Three studies investigated the associations of both caffeinated and decaffeinated coffee consumption with colorectal cancer risk [19, 28, 31]. Four studies assessed the association of coffee consumption with colon cancer risk by anatomical sites [18, 27, 28, 31].…”

Green Tea and Its Extracts in Cancer Prevention and Treatment

“…The association between the rs11202607 polymorphism in the phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) gene, and CRC was stronger in never tea drinkers suggesting cooperative interactions between tea, PTEN and CRC development [125], but the overall GT effect on cancer incidence was weak. No correlation was found for the GT modulation of NAT and CYP4501A2 expression in Caucasians [92]. Despite the negative in vitro studies some authors claimed an independent protective effect of GT on CRC incidence ( [117,[123][124][125], Table 3), they assume that GT drinking may be a cofactor rather than the causal prevention agent for CRC.…”

“…For CRC and tea intake, cohort and case controls studies from Europe [92][93][94][95][96][97] and the USA [98][99][100][101][102][103] often did not specify the type of tea; since in these countries black tea is prevalent, it can safely be assumed that these studies cover black tea. Other studies calculated and quantified the amount of flavonoids from all food sources.…”

Gender and ethnicity modify the association between the CYP1A2 rs762551 polymorphism and habitual coffee intake: evidence from a meta-analysis

“…The following papers were excluded: four GWAS (Cornelis et al, 2011;Sulem et al, 2011;Amin et al, 2012;Rodenburg et al, 2012); four studies lacking coffee intake analysis (Sachse et al, 1999;Basvi et al, 2007;Ghotbi et al, 2007;Gunes et al, 2009); eight studies not providing coffee intake data according to rs762551 genotypes (Goodman et al, 2003;Kotsopoulos et al, 2009;Hallström et al, 2010;Schmidt et al, 2010;Guessous et al, 2012;Josse et al, 2012;Palatini et al, 2015;Yamamoto et al, 2015); two studies providing CC and combined AC + AA genotypes counts instead of AA and AC + CC genotype counts (Palatini et al, 2009;Pavanello et al, 2010); two studies using patient samples (Cornelis et al, 2007;Bågeman et al, 2008); and one study with a small sample size . Finally, 12 studies were included in the meta-analysis (Nordmark et al, 2002;Sata et al, 2005;Cornelis et al, 2006;Kotsopoulos et al, 2007;Tan et al, 2007;Jernström et al, 2008;Djordjevic et al, 2010;Popat et al, 2011;Kohno et al, 2013;Lowcock et al, 2013;Tian et al, 2013;Dik et al, 2014) (Figure 1). The study characteristics are shown in Table 1.…”