Coffee Consumption and Mortality in the Chicago Western Electric Company Study

Legrady, Dan; Dyer, Alan R.; Shekelle, Richard B.; Stamler, Jeremiah; Liu, Kiang; Paul, Oglesby; Lepper, Mark; Shryock, Anne Macmillan

doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a114717

Cited by 86 publications

(41 citation statements)

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“…These opposite results are in line with the results of a meta-analysis of twenty-one prospective cohort studies (36) . The reason for this sex difference, however, is unknown.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 83%

Total fluid and specific beverage intake and mortality due to IHD and stroke in the Netherlands Cohort Study

Leurs

Schouten

Goldbohm³

et al. 2010

Br J Nutr

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Chronic mild dehydration has been associated with several diseases, including fatal IHD and stroke. It has been suggested that hydration through total fluid intake (or water) is inversely associated with IHD or stroke mortality. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the relationship between total fluid (and specific beverage) intake and IHD or stroke mortality in the Netherlands Cohort Study (NLCS). In 1986, 120 852 participants aged 55 -69 years were enrolled into the NLCS. Mortality data were collected over a 10-year follow-up period. Analysis was done through a case -cohort approach, and it was based on the subjects without a history of heart disease, stroke or diabetes at baseline. A total of 1789 IHD mortality cases and 708 stroke mortality cases occurred during the follow-up. Higher total fluid consumption was not associated with either IHD mortality or stroke mortality in men or women. When analysing specific beverages, a positive association between coffee consumption (increment 270 ml/d) and IHD mortality was observed in men (hazard ratio (HR) 1·09, 95 % CI 1·00, 1·18), while an inverse relationship was observed in women (HR: 0·88, 95 % CI 0·78, 1·00). For tea consumption (increment of 253 ml/d), an inverse relationship with IHD mortality was observed in men (HR: 0·91, 95 % CI 0·83, 1·00). No association with water intake was observed. In the study population, fresh water consumption was very low. In conclusion, total fluid intake was not associated with IHD or stroke mortality in either men or women. Coffee consumption was inversely associated with IHD mortality in women only, while a higher tea intake was associated with lower IHD mortality in men only.Beverage intake: Ischaemic heart disease: Stroke: Mortality: Prospective cohort studies Proper hydration is necessary for the body to sustain normal physiological functioning such as the transportation of nutrients, excretion and the regulation of body temperature. Chronic mild to moderate dehydration has been associated with several disease states, such as fatal CHD and CVD (1) . The association between chronic mild dehydration and CHD may be explained by the elevation in haemorheological factors (2,3) . Haemorheological factors that are independently positively associated with CHD are the whole-blood viscosity, plasma viscosity, fibrinogen and haematocrit levels (4 -8) . These factors respond acutely to changes in hydration, which can occur, e.g. during normal daily activities and the use of medications such as diuretics (9 -12) . Furthermore, it has been suggested that water consumption at night can attenuate nocturnal increase in blood viscosity, and therefore, can prevent morning occurrence of cerebral infarction (9) . Some investigators reported a decrease in blood viscosity with increased water intake (9,13,14) , while others reported no changes in blood haemorheology and chemistry with increased water intake (15) . Only one cohort study analysed the effect of water intake and other fluid intake on fatal CHD (1) . The above-menti...

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“…These opposite results are in line with the results of a meta-analysis of twenty-one prospective cohort studies (36) . The reason for this sex difference, however, is unknown.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 83%

Total fluid and specific beverage intake and mortality due to IHD and stroke in the Netherlands Cohort Study

Leurs

Schouten

Goldbohm³

et al. 2010

Br J Nutr

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“…However, higher con sumption of coffee may adversely affect health in other aspects. For instance, some cohort studies have shown an increased risk of coronary heart disease in heavy coffee drinkers (54)(55)(56), although in others no increase in risk has been found (57)(58)(59). Additionally, the bio logical mechanism behind the inverse association between coffee and the risk of the disease is unknown (37).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Dietary Factors on Incidence of Type 2 Diabetes: A Systematic Review of Cohort Studies

Murakami

Okubo

Sasaki

2005

Journal of Nutritional Science and Vitaminology, J Nutr Sci Vit

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SummaryWe systematically reviewed cohort studies on the effect of nutrient and food intake (except for alcohol) on the incidence of type 2 diabetes , which had been published in English as of May 2004. Using the MEDLINE (PubMed) database as well as reference lists of searched papers, 15 individual cohort studies (a total of 31 papers) were identified . The number of subjects (n=895-85,060), follow-up length (5 .9-23y), the number of diabetes cases (n=74-4,085), dietary assessment method used (simple food questionnaire , food fre quency questionnaire, food frequency interview, diet history interview, and 24-h recall), and method of case ascertainment (questionnaire , oral glucose tolerance test, fasting glu cose level, death certificate, and nationwide registry) varied among studies . For nutrients, intakes of vegetable fat, polyunsaturated fatty acid , dietary fiber (particularly cereal fiber), magnesium, and caffeine were significantly inversely correlated and intakes of trans fatty acid and heme-iron, glycemic index, and glycemic load were significantly positively corre lated with the incidence of type 2 diabetes in several papers . For foods and food groups, several papers showed significantly decreased risk for type 2 diabetes with the higher con sumption of grain (particularly whole grain) and coffee, and significantly increased risk with processed meat consumption. Because all the studies were carried out in Western countries, however, research in non-Western countries including Japan is needed .

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“…Coffee contains caffeine, which has various biological and pharmacological effects 1,2), and the relationships between coffee consumption and cardiovascular disease 3-5), cancer 6,7) and mortality 4,5,[8][9][10][11][12][13][14] have been investigated in the United States and Europe. Green tea contains polyphenols as well as caffeine, and many investigators have examined the potential anticarcinogenic effects of green tea [15][16][17].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Relationship between Coffee and Green Tea Consumption and All-cause Mortality in a Cohort of a Rural Japanese Population.

Iwai

Ohshiro

Kurozawa

et al. 2002

Journal of Epidemiology

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We conducted a cohort study to investigate the effects of coffee and green tea consumption on all-cause mortality in a rural Japanese population. Data were obtained from 2,855 men and women aged 40-79 years in 1989, and during the subsequent 9.9 years of follow-up. Using the Cox regression model to adjust for potential confounding factors, we calculated the multivariate hazard ratios of death from all causes separately for men and women. The multivariate hazard ratio of mortality for men who consumed two or more cups of coffee per day, compared with those who consumed less than half a cup per day, was 0.43 (95% confidence interval, 0.30-0.63), and the ratio for those who consumed half to one cup of coffee per day was 0.70 (95% confidence interval, 0.52-0.94). Exclusion of subjects with less than 5 years of follow-up did not substantially change the findings. No other statistically significant associations were identified between consumption of the two beverages and all-cause mortality. For men, multivariate hazard ratios of death from apoplexy showed a significant inverse association with increasing coffee consumption.The effects of habitual coffee consumption and its related factors on health in Japan need to be studied in greater detail.

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Coffee Consumption and Mortality in the Chicago Western Electric Company Study

Cited by 86 publications

References 0 publications

Total fluid and specific beverage intake and mortality due to IHD and stroke in the Netherlands Cohort Study

Total fluid and specific beverage intake and mortality due to IHD and stroke in the Netherlands Cohort Study

Effect of Dietary Factors on Incidence of Type 2 Diabetes: A Systematic Review of Cohort Studies

Relationship between Coffee and Green Tea Consumption and All-cause Mortality in a Cohort of a Rural Japanese Population.

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