Coffee Consumption and Risk of Colorectal Cancer: The Japan Collaborative Cohort Study

Abstract

BackgroundEpidemiologic studies have reported coffee consumption to be associated with various health conditions. The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship of coffee consumption with colorectal cancer incidence in a large-scale prospective cohort study in Japan.MethodsWe used data from the Japan Collaborative Cohort Study for Evaluation of Cancer Risk (JACC Study). Here, we analyzed a total of 58 221 persons (23 607 men, 34 614 women) followed from 1988 to the end of 2009. During 738 669 person-years of follow-up for the analysis of colorectal cancer risk with coffee consumption at baseline, we identified 687 cases of colon cancer (355 males and 332 females) and 314 cases of rectal cancer (202 males and 112 females). We used the Cox proportional-hazard regression model to estimate hazard ratio (HR).ResultsCompared to those who consumed less than 1 cup of coffee per day, men who consumed 2–3 cups of coffee per day had an HR of 1.26 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.93–1.70), and men who consumed more than 4 cups of coffee per day had an HR of 1.79 (95% CI 1.01–3.18). A statistically significant increase in the risk of colon cancer was associated with increasing coffee consumption among men (P for trend = 0.03). On the other hand, coffee consumption in women was not associated with incident risk of colon cancer. Coffee consumption was also not associated with rectal cancer incidence in men or women.ConclusionsThis large-scale population-based cohort study showed that coffee consumption increases the risk of colon cancer among Japanese men.

Coffee drinking and colorectal cancer risk: an evaluation based on a systematic review and meta-analysis among the Japanese population

“…Five cohort studies (24,25,33,39,40) and nine case-control studies (26)(27)(28)(29)34,35,(41)(42)(43)) met the inclusion criteria. As regards cohort studies (Table 1 and Supplementary Table 1), all reported results for men and women separately (24,25,33,39,40); of these, one additionally reported results for men and women combined (33).…”

“…As regards cohort studies (Table 1 and Supplementary Table 1), all reported results for men and women separately (24,25,33,39,40); of these, one additionally reported results for men and women combined (33). One study showed RRs for colon and rectum combined, but not separated (24); another reported result for colon only (39) and the remaining studies displayed results for both sites combined as well as for colon and rectum separately (25,33,40). In men, one study showed a moderate positive association with colon cancer (25), but the majority of cohort studies observed no association between coffee intake and colon cancer (33,39,40).…”

“…In men, one study showed a moderate positive association with colon cancer (25), but the majority of cohort studies observed no association between coffee intake and colon cancer (33,39,40). In women, two studies showed a weak (40) and strong (39) inverse association with colon cancer, whereas another study showed a moderate positive association with colon cancer (25). All studies showed no association with rectal cancer in both men and women.…”

“…All studies showed no association with rectal cancer in both men and women. One study reported a moderate inverse association with colorectal cancer in men (24), whereas another study showed a weak positive association with colorectal cancer in men (25). Table 2 and Supplementary Table 2 show results of case-control studies.…”

“…A recent meta-analysis among studies worldwide reported lower risk of colon cancer associated with coffee drinking for Asian women (16). That study, however, did not include two cohort (24,25) and several casecontrol studies (26)(27)(28)(29) in Japan. Here, we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of the association between coffee consumption and colorectal cancer among the Japanese population.…”