Cofiring of Biomass and Lignite Blends: Resource Facilities; Technological and Environmental Issues

Sürmen, Yusuf; Demırbas, Ayhan

doi:10.1080/00908310390142226a

Cited by 22 publications

(17 citation statements)

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“…The implementation of co-fired or co-milled coal biomass blends is not without challenges. Handling [3], milling [4] and combustion characteristics [5] are all new variables in a well-established industry which has preferentially burned single or blended coals, rather than multiple fuel types. The combustion characteristics of biomass are quite different from those of coal, not least as a result of vast differences in composition [6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A method for source apportionment in biomass/coal blends using thermogravimetric analysis

Lester

Gong

Thompson

2007

Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A method for source apportionment in biomass/coal blends using thermogravimetric analysis

Lester

Gong

Thompson

2007

Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis

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“…According to the Kyoto Protocol to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC), agreed to in December 1997, marks an important turning point in efforts to promote the use of renewable energy worldwide and the developed countries should decrease the net emission of CO 2 (Surmen and Demirbas, 2003). An important reason for interest in renewable energy sources is the concern for the greenhouse effect.…”

Section: Bioethanolmentioning

confidence: 99%

Current Advances in Alternative Motor Fuels

Demırbas¹

2003

Energy Exploration & Exploitation

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The most popular alternative motor fuels are bioethanol, biodiesel, hydrogen and boron. There are also interests in methyl and ethyl alcohols, natural gas, liquefied petroleum gas, p-series, electricity, and solar fuels were concluded as alternative engine fuels. Alternative engine fuels are fuels competitive to petroleum. These fuels are important because they replace petroleum fuels. There are many benefits the environment, economy and consumers in using alternative fuels. There are also dependencies on production and lifting costs but these are not considered in detail here.

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“…Methane is itself a greenhouse gas, which molecule for molecule can trap more heat than CO 2 this way counterbalance the CO 2 benefits of burning NG instead of coal (Surmen and Demirbas, 2003;Demirbas, 2000). Soot emission from hydrocarbon flames is an important subject since it plays an important role in relation to both heat transfers by radiation and air pollution (Shabad and Mohammed, 2000).…”

Section: Greenhouse Gas Emissionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Turkey's Coal Reserves, Potential Trends and Pollution Problems of Turkey

Balat

Ayar

2004

Energy Exploration & Exploitation

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Turkey, for nearly two decades, has been one of the fastest growing power markets in the world. Turkey's total energy consumption, around half is used by the industrial sector, a quarter in residential, and the rest in transportation and commercial. Turkey's domestic energy consumption has more than tripled, reaching a level of 3.2 quadrillion Btu (quads) and coal accounted for 31% of total energy consumption in year 2000. Turkey's coal reserves are 0.6% of the world reserves. Rich lignite deposits are spread all over the country. Total lignite reserves are estimated at 8075 Mtoe, of which 7339 Mtoe (88%) is economically feasible. Lignite extraction is expected to increase as the government feels pressure to close down unprofitable hard coal mines that are geologically difficult, increasing the cost of extraction. INTRODUCTIONThe energy demand of Turkey will be doubled between the years 2000-2010 and will be fivefold between 2000-2025.This rapid increase in demand is due to high economic development rate of Turkey. The estimated amount of investments for the production facilities by the year 2010 is around 55 billion dollars (Demirbas, 2002).Turkey's energy needs are increasing quickly. Increasing demand has resulted in increase in supply and due to the non-efficient use could cause serious economical, environmental and social problems. Energy is one of Turkey's most important development priorities. Turkey's energy demand is growing at a rate of 8% per year.Production and consumption of energy per unit person in a country is an important parameter indicating the level of development. But, as a developing nation, the energy consumption of Turkey still remains at low levels. Although most of the energy demand is met by hydroelectric, coal-fired power stations and recently by natural gas, the use of natural resources constitutes about 37% of the total demand. Turkey has large coal reserves particularly those of lignite. However, as the natural resources are not effectively used, due to inadequate policies, she has become dependent on imported energy sources.Turkey's natural energy resources are quite diversified; hard coal, lignite, asphaltite, oil, natural gas, hydro, geothermal, wood, animal and plant wastes, solar and secondary energy resources, such as coke and briquettes produced and consumed.

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Cofiring of Biomass and Lignite Blends: Resource Facilities; Technological and Environmental Issues

Cited by 22 publications

References 0 publications

A method for source apportionment in biomass/coal blends using thermogravimetric analysis

A method for source apportionment in biomass/coal blends using thermogravimetric analysis

Current Advances in Alternative Motor Fuels

Turkey's Coal Reserves, Potential Trends and Pollution Problems of Turkey

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