Cognition, Health, and Well-Being in a Rural Sub-Saharan African Population

Payne, Collin F.; Kohler, Iliana V.; Bandawe, Chiwoza; Lawler, Kathy; Kohler, Hans‐Peter

doi:10.1007/s10680-017-9445-1

Cited by 12 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 64 publications

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“…More research should be done to identify which types of cognitive outcomes were most improved as a result of the intervention, as we only analyzed overall measures of cognition because the specific outcomes examined were variable and too few studies were available to compare specific variables (such as working memory). Identifying the impact of specific cognitive outcomes is important because HIV OVC tend to demonstrate some vulnerabilities in their cognitive performance, which, in turn, can affect their well-being and motivation at school (Payne, Kohler, Bandawe, Lawler, & Kohler, 2018), and their ability to complete health-related tasks such as adhering to medication (Malee et al, 2009). For example, perhaps surprisingly, verbal impairment and reading difficulties actually predicted better adherence (Nichols et al, 2012); the mechanism of this association is not clear, but this may be related to having less responsibility for their medication as its delivery might be controlled by adults.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cognitive and Educational Interventions for Orphans and Vulnerable Children Affected by HIV/AIDS: A Meta‐Analysis

et al. 2020

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Orphans and vulnerable children affected by HIV/AIDS (HIV OVC) are at risk for cognitive difficulties and lack of access to education. Interventions addressing cognitive or educational outcomes for HIV OVC worldwide were examined through systematic searches conducted from October 2016 to 2019. We examined the summative effectiveness of interventions and the specific effects of participant age and intervention length. Interventions targeting cognitive outcomes had a small, significant effect, with no effect of moderating variables. Interventions targeting educational outcomes had significant effects. Educational interventions over 1 year were effective, but effects of intervention length were not significant. Overall, this review provides support for the effectiveness of interventions targeting cognitive and educational outcomes for OVC and highlights the need for more research on such interventions.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cognitive and Educational Interventions for Orphans and Vulnerable Children Affected by HIV/AIDS: A Meta‐Analysis

et al. 2020

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“… 9 The loss of nutritional intake in old age is also potentially linked to the deterioration in cognitive health and skills of the elderly in Africa recently reported in Payne et al . (2013, 2016), a relation that we think deserves further exploration. This is relevant for policy as SSA is aging [Payne et al .…”

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confidence: 92%

The costs of consumption smoothing: less schooling and less nutrition

Magalhaes¹,

Koh

Santaeulàlia-Llopis

2019

J. Dem. Econ.

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Using novel microdata, we explore lifecycle consumption in Sub-Saharan Africa. We find that households' ability to smooth consumption over the lifecycle is large, particularly, in rural areas. Consumption in old age is sustained by shifting to self-farmed staple food, as opposed to traditional savings mechanisms or food gifts. This smoothing strategy indicates two important costs. The first cost is a loss of human capital as children seem to be diverted away from school and into producing self-farmed food. Second, a diet largely concentrated in staple food (e.g., maize in Malawi) in old age results in a loss of nutritional quality for households headed by the elderly.

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“…Cross-sectional analyses of the 2012/2013 data found that women have substantially worse cognitive health than men, and experience a steeper age gradient in cognitive abilities. 8 Strong social ties and exposure to socially complex environments were associated with higher cognitive health, as was higher life-course socioeconomic status. Poor cognitive health is associated with adverse outcomes such as less nutrition intake, lower income and reduced work efforts.…”

Section: Findings To Datementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Cohort analyses also confirm the patterns of cognitive decline as individuals become older over time, which had previously been suggested—but not confirmed—based on cross-sectional 2012/2013 analyses. 8 …”

Section: Findings To Datementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Cohort analyses also confirm the patterns of cognitive decline as individuals become older over time, which had previously been suggested-but not confirmed-based on cross-sectional 2012/2013 analyses. 8 HIV prevalence among mature adults Only 60 HIV+ mature (HIV prevalence 4.8%) were identified at baseline in 2012 (table 5). This low HIV prevalence is the result of high mortality of HIV+ cohort members prior to antiretroviral treatment (ART) that became available in the study regions only after 2008.…”

Section: Open Accessmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Cohort profile: the mature adults cohort of the Malawi longitudinal study of families and health (MLSFH-MAC)

et al. 2020

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PurposeThe Mature Adults Cohort of the Malawi Longitudinal Study of Families and Health (MLSFH-MAC) contributes to global ageing studies by providing a rare opportunity to study the processes of individual and population ageing, the public health and social challenges associated with ageing and the coincident shifts in disease burdens, in a low-income, high HIV prevalence, sub-Saharan African (SSA) context.ParticipantsThe MLSFH-MAC is an open population-based cohort study of mature adults aged 45+ years living in rural communities in three districts in Malawi. Enrolment at baseline is 1266 individuals in 2012. Follow-ups were in 2013, 2017 and 2018 when the cohort size reached 1626 participants in 2018.Findings to dateSurvey instruments cover ageing-related topics such as cognitive and mental health, non-communicable diseases (NCDs) and related health literacy, subjective survival expectations, measured biomarkers including HIV, grip strength, hypertension, fasting glucose, body mass index (BMI), broad individual-level and household-level social and economic information, a 2018 qualitative survey of mature adults and community officials, 2019 surveys of village heads, healthcare facilities and healthcare providers in the MLSFH-MAC study areas. Across many domains, MLSFH-MAC allows for comparative research with global ageing studies through harmonised measures and instruments. Key findings to date include a high prevalence of depression and anxiety among older adults, evidence for rapid declines in cognitive health with age, a low incidence of HIV among mature adults, rising prevalence of HIV due to increased survival of HIV-positive individuals and poor physical health with high NCD prevalence.Future plansAn additional wave of MLSFH-MAC is forthcoming in 2021, and future expansions of the cohort are planned. MLSFH-MAC data will also be publicly released and will provide a wealth of information unprecedented for ageing studies in a low-income SSA context that broadly represents the socioeconomic environment of millions of individuals in south-eastern Africa.

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Cognition, Health, and Well-Being in a Rural Sub-Saharan African Population

Cited by 12 publications

References 64 publications

Cognitive and Educational Interventions for Orphans and Vulnerable Children Affected by HIV/AIDS: A Meta‐Analysis

Cognitive and Educational Interventions for Orphans and Vulnerable Children Affected by HIV/AIDS: A Meta‐Analysis

The costs of consumption smoothing: less schooling and less nutrition

Cohort profile: the mature adults cohort of the Malawi longitudinal study of families and health (MLSFH-MAC)

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