Cognition, negative affectivity and substance use in adolescent boys with and without a family history of a substance use disorder.

A Finer Examination of the Role That Negative Affect Plays in the Relationship Between Paternal Alcoholism and the Onset of Alcohol and Marijuana Use

“…Some studies have found negative affect to be signifi cantly associated with substance use (e.g., Desrichard and Denarie, 2005;Hussong and Hicks, 2003;Shoal and Giancola, 2001), whereas others have not (e.g., Clark et al, 1999;Shoal et al, 2005). It also should be noted that the majority of studies conducted to date have used a general global indicator of negative affect, potentially masking differential relationships between specifi c components of negative affect and substance use.…”

“…In addition, research examining individuals who have a parent with a substance-use disorder has found that they exhibit higher levels of negative affect in comparison with those that do not have a parent with a substance-use disorder (Chassin and Ritter, 2001;Clark et al, 1999;Shoal and Giancola, 2001). Negative affect also has been linked to substance use during adolescence (Desrichard and Denarie, 2005;Hussong and Hicks, 2003;Shoal and Giancola, 2001;Wills et al, 1999).…”

Negative Mood Regulation (NMR) expectancies, mood, and affect intensity among clients in substance disorder treatment facilities

“…Reduction of negative affect is a major reason cited for using alcohol and drugs (Johnston & O'Malley, 1986;Newcomb et al, 1988) and high negative affect is related to consuming greater amounts of drugs and alcohol (Colder & Chassin, 1993;Krueger et al, 1996;Wills et al, 1999). Much previous research has also found significantly higher NMR Expectancies 11 levels of stress (e.g., Blume, Marlatt & Schmaling, 2000;Gorman, 1988;Horowitz & Davies, 1994;Shoal & Giancola, 2001), anxiety disorders (e.g., Compton et al, 2000;Schuckit et al, 1997;Weiss & Rosenberg, 1985) and mood disorders (Raimo & Schuckit, 1998;Swendsen & Merikangas, 2000;Tomasson & Vaglum, 1995) among those with substance problems compared to non-addict control samples. A number of different theories and models have been offered to explain the cooccurrence of substance disorders and other Axis I disorders, particularly anxiety disorders and mood disorders (e.g., Doris et al, 1999;Kobb & LeMoal, 1997).…”

A Preliminary trial of twelve-step facilitation and acceptance and commitment therapy with polysubstance-abusing methadone-maintained opiate addicts

“…At the level of its underlying model, there is also evidence that "experiential avoidance" (Hayes, Wilson, Gifford, Follette, & Strosahl, 1996)-the attempt to regulate thoughts, feelings, or other private experiences even when attempts to do so cause significant behavioral harm-applies to this clinical area. Substance abuse seems to be frequently motivated by an attempt to regulate negative private experiences (e.g., Shoal & Giancola, 2001)-indeed, the subjective effectiveness of its utility in that regard predicts relapse (Litman, Stapleton, Oppenheim, Peleg, & Jackson, 1984). Even if substance abuse was initially motivated by other factors, however, as it evolves a variety of drug-related responses emerge (e.g., cravings; withdrawal symptoms) that themselves become the target of experiential avoidance and subsequent drug use (e.g., Nathan, 1997;Toneatto, 1999).…”