Cognitive and behavioral targets in a self-control therapy program for depression.

Abstract

One-hundred-four women who met Research Diagnostic Criteria for nonpsychotic, nonbipolar Major Affective Disorder were treated in 21 therapy groups for 10 weekly 1 j hr sessions. Three versions of the self-control therapy program for depression, one with a behavioral target, one with a cognitive target, and one with a combined target, were used to treat 7 groups each. AH conditions improved significantly and equally on self-report and clinician rating scales of depression. All conditions improved equally on measures of both behavioral and cognitive target variables, and initial level on these variables was not related to outcome.The self-control therapy program for depression is based on a model (Rehm, 1977(Rehm, , 1981a(Rehm, , 1982 that assumes that depression can be characterized as a series of specific deficits in selfmanagement behavior. This highly structured, group-format therapy program has been developed and evaluated as a research tool. Two studies (Fuchs & Rehm, 1977;Rehm, Fuchs, Roth, Kornblith, & Romano, 1979) validated the program against control conditions, and two additional studies disassembled the program package to evaluate its separate self-management components (Kornblith, Rehm, O'Hara, & Lamparski, 1983;Rehm et al., 1981). The program has been used by other researchers in disassembly (Tressler & Tucker, 1980) and comparison studies (Fleming & Thornton, 1980;Roth, Bielshi, Jones, Parker, & Osborn, 1982). The program has also been extended to other populations, including community mentalhealth-center patients (Glanz & Dietz, 1980), psychiatric inpatients (Kornblith & Greenwald, 1982

Does learned resourcefulness predict the response to cognitive behavioral therapy for depression?

“…The results provided partial replication of the reports of Simons et al (1985) and Rehm et al (1987) that individuals with higher learned resourcefulness experienced somewhat greater recovery from depression. this effect appeared to be quite modest and was present only among the more severely depressed patients.…”

“…If the effect of learned resourcefulness on recovery from depression is small, a large sample of subjects will be needed to document this effect reliably. The only study which successfully replicated the results of Simons et al (1985) was the largest, with a sample of 104 subjects (Rehm et al, 1987). Based on a power analysis, Jarrett, Giles, Guillon, and Rush (1991) have estimated that more than 500 subjects will be needed to detect the effect of SCS scores on recovery from depression if this effect is as small as the one they observed.…”

Experimental test of the affect‐regulation theory of bulimic symptoms and substance use: A randomized trial

“…[29][30][31] The resulting intervention briefly introduces the cognitivebehavioral model of depression, helps participants identify negative cognitions and precipitating circumstances, and teaches them to generate positive thoughts that can be used to replace negative cognitions. Furthermore, because treatments that focus on instigating active participation in reinforcing activities have been found to be efficacious for alleviating depression in adult samples, [32][33] our intervention also encourages participants to reengage in activities that used to give them pleasure (e.g., playing a favorite sport) and to partake in a wider variety of pleasurable activities to improve mood.…”

Using Research‐Supported Group Treatments

“…Suffice it to say, group CBT has been found to be efficacious for a wide variety of populations, including general adult populations (Brown & Lewinsohn, 1984); depressed adolescents in a juvenile justice center (Rohde, Seeley, Kaufman, Clarke, & Stice, 2006); depressed adolescents in the community (Clarke, Rohde, Lewinsohn, Hops, & Seeley, 1999); depression prevention for high-risk (Stice, Burton, Bearman, & Rohde, 2007) and community (Horowitz, Garber, Ciesla, Young, & Mufson, 2007) adolescents; low-income minority women with major depressive disorder (Miranda et al, 2003); women with postnatal depression (Milgrom, Negri, Gemmill, McNeil, & Martin, 2005); depressed rural women with physical disabilities (Robinson-Whelen et al, 2007), and depressed community women (Rehm, Kaslow, & Rabin, 1987). Group CBT has also been shown to be effective in a large real-world study of older adults with mild to moderate depression (Haringsma, Engels, Cuijpers, & Spinhoven, 2006).…”