Cognitive bias and depression in psychiatrically disturbed children and adolescents.

Haley, Glenn; Fine, Stuart; Marriage, Keith; Moretti, Marlene M.; Freeman, Richard J.

doi:10.1037/0022-006x.53.4.535

Cited by 92 publications

(60 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…Less clear, however, is the CDI's ability to distinguish between children with depressive disorders and children who display other kinds of clinical problems [for a review, see Silverman and Rabian, 1999]. Some studies have found that children with depressive disorders score significantly higher on the CDI than nondepressed clinical samples [e.g., Haley et al, 1985;Hodges, 1990;McCauley et al, 1988; whereas other studies have reported no differences between the CDI scores of depressed and nondepressed clinical samples [e.g., Kazdin, 1987;Kazdin et al, 1983;Saylor et al, 1984].…”

mentioning

confidence: 97%

High-end specificity of the children's depression inventory in a sample of anxiety-disordered youth

Comer

Kendall

2005

Depress. Anxiety

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Using a receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis, the present study investigated the ability of the Children's Depression Inventory (CDI) to correctly detect depression in a sample of treatment-seeking anxious youth (N=44). The ADIS-C/P was used to determine diagnostic status of participants. Anxious children who met diagnostic criteria for a depressive disorder scored higher on the CDI than anxious children who did not meet criteria for a depressive disorder, supporting the CDI as a continuous measure of depressive symptomatology. In contrast, with regard to detecting a depressive disorder, CDI cut scores did not achieve favorable values across diagnostic utility indices (including the cut score of 13 that has been recommended). These findings support the CDI as a continuous measure of depressive symptoms, but do not support the CDI as a sole assessment for a diagnosis of depression within a sample of anxiety-disordered youth.

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mentioning

confidence: 97%

High-end specificity of the children's depression inventory in a sample of anxiety-disordered youth

Comer

Kendall

2005

Depress. Anxiety

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“…Beck's theory has prompted research for testing whether children with depressive symptomatology engage in distorted patterns of thinking. Some of these studies have used measures that ask children about hypothetical situations to determine if their thinking reflects distorted processing of information (e.g., Children's Negative Cognitive Error Questionnaire [CNCEQ], Leitenberg, Yost, & Carroll-Wilson, 1986; Cognitive Bias Questionnaire for Children [CBQC], Haley, Fine, Marriage, Moretti, & Freeman, 1985). Other studies have used more objective indicators of children's circumstances, in addition to subjective reports, to demonstrate that depressed children distort information about themselves (e.g., Asarnow, Carlson, & Guthrie, 1987;Kendall, Stark, & Adam, 1990;McGee, Anderson, Williams, & Silva, 1986;Meyer, Dyck, & Petrinack, 1989).…”

Section: Negative Self-perceptionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Rather than relying on questionnaires that ask children about hypothetical situations (e.g., see Haley et al, 1985;Leitenberg et al, 1986), both children's and teachers' ratings of competence were obtained to estimate the accuracy of children's judgments about the self. Although not subject to children's own reporting biases, teacher evaluations are not perfect indicators of children's academic and social performance.…”

Section: Limitationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A longitudinal study of children's depressive symptoms, self-perceptions, and cognitive distortions about the self.

McGrath¹,

Repetti²

2002

Journal of Abnormal Psychology

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This longitudinal study examined how depressive symptoms relate to children's self-perceptions and to estimates of children's cognitive distortions about the self in a nonclinical sample of children who were followed from 4th grade (n ϭ 248) through 6th grade (n ϭ 227). Report card grades measured children's academic competence, and teachers' ratings of children's level of peer acceptance at school indicated social acceptance. Self-reported depressive symptoms predicted a change in children's negative views of the self. Moreover, the self-perceptions of children who exhibited more symptoms of depression appeared to reflect an underestimation of their actual competence. Children's negative self-perceptions and underestimations about the self were not associated with a subsequent change in depressive symptoms. The implications of the findings for cognitive theories of depression and future research with this population are discussed.Cognitive theory suggests that cognitions, particularly negative beliefs about the self, are related to the etiology of depression (Beck, 1967(Beck, , 1976. Two of the most basic assumptions of the theory, (a) that cognition has causal priority over emotions and (b) that depressed children's negative beliefs about the self reflect distortions of reality, have rarely been tested in the childhood depression literature (for reviews, see Garber, Quiggle, & Shanley, 1990;Hammen, 1990). The current study used a prospective longitudinal design to test associations between depressive symptoms and two dimensions of children's self-perceptions: the overall evaluation of the self and the accuracy of that judgment. First, we tested whether negative self-perceptions are associated with subsequent increases in signs of depressive symptoms or whether the reverse is true (i.e., depressed mood predicts a more negative view of the self). Second, estimating negative biases in children's judgments about the self, we examined whether underestimations of competence are a risk factor for future depressive symptomatology. The reverse causal model was also tested.

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“…Estos resultados son acordes con los encontrados por otros autores sobre los errores cognitivos y la sintomatología depresiva (Haley et al, 1985;Kendall, 1990;Leitenberg et al 1986). De hecho, Kendall (1990) encuentra una correlación significativa entre las puntuaciones obtenidas en el CDI y las distorsiones cognitivas (en relación con las percepciones negativas que realiza el sujeto del ambiente, así como la desvaloración no.…”

Section: Discussionunclassified

“…En este sentido, Haley et al (1985) relacionan la presencia de pensamientos distorsionados con los trastornos del estado de ánimo en estas edades y Leitenberg et al (1986) encuentran correlaciones significativas entre los sesgos cognitivos de sobregeneralización y catastrofismo con la depresión en niños y adolescentes.…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

Sintomatología depresiva en escolares de 12 a 16 años y su relación con las distorsiones cognitivas

Ortíz¹,

Gándara²,

Rodríguez‐Testal³

2000

RPPC

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Los principales objetivos de esta investigación han sido el estudio de la presencia de sintomatología depresiva y su relación con las distorsiones cognitivas en escolares adolescentes. Los instrumentos utilizados han sido el inventario CDl (Kovacs, 1992), el inventario de depresión PNID de nominación de iguales (Lefkowitz y Tesiny, 1981) y el cuestionario de distorsiones cognitivas CDCN-1 (Bas, 1987). Sobre una muestra representativa de la ciudad de Sevilla de 908 jóvenes y de edades comprendidas entre 12 y 16 años, se ha hallado una presencia de sintomatología depresiva del 11'78%, con una tendencia lineal ascendente respecto de la edad y con puntuaciones superiores en el caso de las mujeres. El número de distorsiones cognitivas se ha relacionado positivamente con la presencia de esta sintomatología, mostrando ser uno de los principales predictores de las puntuaciones en el CDL La sintomatología depresiva guarda relación con los momentos más importantes del desarrollo cognoscitivo en el joven, apreciándose un aumento de distorsiones cognitivas a los 13 años de edad que se mantiene constante después. El CDCN-1 se estima como un adecuado complemento del CDL al contrario que el PNID, probablemente por el proceso de internalización de las manifestaciones depresivas. No se puede otorgar a los sesgos cognitivos un papel causfd sobre la depresión, pero se sugiere que la coincidencia en el CDI y el CDCN-1 de puntuaciones elevadas es un indicio de un elevado riesgo (vulnerabilidad) para desarrollar un primer episodio depresivo.Palabras clave: Sintomatología depresiva, adolescencia, distorsión cognitiva, vulnerabilidad. Depressive symptomatology in schooles ofl2to 16years and their relationship withcognitive distortions The aims of this investigation have been the study of the presence of depressive symptomatology and their relationship with cognitive distortions in adolescent scholars. Children's Depression Inventory (QDL Kovacs, 1992), Peer Nomination Inventory of Depression (PNID, Leflcowitz y Tesiny, 1981) and Children's Cognitive Distortions Questionnaire (CDCN-1, Bas, 1987) have been administered on a representative sample of 908 Sevillian adolescents (aged 12 to 16). The results revealed an 1178% of depressive symptomatology with an upward lineal tendency regarding the age and with superior scores in the case of women. The number of cognitive distortions has been related positively with the presence of this symptomatology. This point shows to be one of the main predictors of the punctuations in CDL The depressive symptomatology keeps relation to the most important moments in the youth's cognitive development. An increase of cognitive distortions has been appreciated on aged 13. Later on, this one stays constant. CDCN-1 is considered as an appropriate complement of CDI, on the contrary that PNID, probably for the process of intemalization of depressive manifestations. You cannot grant a causal role on depression to the cognitive biases. It is suggested that the coincidence between CDI and CDCN-1 about raised score...

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Cognitive bias and depression in psychiatrically disturbed children and adolescents.

Cited by 92 publications

References 7 publications

High-end specificity of the children's depression inventory in a sample of anxiety-disordered youth

High-end specificity of the children's depression inventory in a sample of anxiety-disordered youth

A longitudinal study of children's depressive symptoms, self-perceptions, and cognitive distortions about the self.

Sintomatología depresiva en escolares de 12 a 16 años y su relación con las distorsiones cognitivas

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