Cognitive Cooperation: When the Going Gets Tough, Think as a Group

Wilson, David Sloan; Timmel, John J.; Miller, Ralph R.

doi:10.1057/9780230523203_3

Cited by 16 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…Individuals may have begun benefitting from trade based on the appearance of specialization, which in turn is linked to the number and complexity of learned skills needed in daily life. Alternatively, it is possible that at some stage, owing to the establishment of cooperative breeding [100], joint innovation became favoured [101].…”

Section: How About Our Ancestors?mentioning

confidence: 99%

The reluctant innovator: orangutans and the phylogeny of creativity

Schaik¹,

Burkart²,

Damerius³

et al. 2016

Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B

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One contribution of 15 to a theme issue 'Innovation in animals and humans: understanding the origins and development of novel and creative behaviour'. Young orangutans are highly neophobic, avoid independent exploration and show a preference for social learning. Accordingly, they acquire virtually all their learned skills through exploration that is socially induced. Adult exploration rates are also low. Comparisons strongly suggest that major innovations, i.e. behaviours that have originally been brought into the population through individual invention, are made where ecological opportunities to do so are propitious. Most populations nonetheless have large innovation repertoires, because innovations, once made, are retained well through social transmission. Wild orangutans are therefore not innovative. In striking contrast, zoo-living orangutans actively seek novelty and are highly exploratory and innovative, probably because of positive reinforcement, active encouragement by human role models, increased sociality and an expectation of safety. The explanation for this contrast most relevant to hominin evolution is that captive apes generally have a highly reduced cognitive load, in particular owing to the absence of predation risk, which strongly reduces the costs of exploration. If the orangutan results generalize to other great apes, this suggests that our ancestors could have become more curious once they had achieved near-immunity to predation on the eve of the explosive increase in creativity characterizing the Upper Palaeolithic Revolution.

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Section: How About Our Ancestors?mentioning

confidence: 99%

The reluctant innovator: orangutans and the phylogeny of creativity

Schaik¹,

Burkart²,

Damerius³

et al. 2016

Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B

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“…The task given to subjects were based on a modification of the game ''Twenty-Questions'', replicating Wilson's [45] experiments. Each round consisted of two phases.…”

Section: Meeting Data Setmentioning

confidence: 99%

Privacy-sensitive recognition of group conversational context with sociometers

et al. 2011

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Recognizing the conversational context in which group interactions unfold has applications in machines that support collaborative work and perform automatic social inference using contextual knowledge. This paper addresses the task of discriminating one conversational context from another, specifically brainstorming from decision-making interactions, using easily computable nonverbal behavioral cues. Privacy-sensitive mobile sociometers are used to record the interaction data. We hypothesize that the difference in the conversational dynamics between brainstorming and decision-making discussions is significant and measurable using speaking activity-based nonverbal cues. We characterize the communication patterns of the entire group by the aggregation (both temporal and person-wise) of their nonverbal behavior. The results on our interaction data set show that the floor-occupation patterns in a brainstorming interaction are different from a decision-making interaction, and our method can obtain a classification accuracy as high as 87.5%.

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“…An example of the participants wearing sociometric badges can be found in Figure 2. The task given to subjects were based on a modification of the game "Twenty-Questions", replicating Wilson's experiments [10]. Each round consisted of two phases.…”

Section: Meeting Datasetmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recognizing conversational context in group interaction using privacy-sensitive mobile sensors

Jayagopi

Kim

Pentland

et al. 2010

Proceedings of the 9th International Conference on Mobile and Ubiquitous Multimedia

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The availability of mobile sociometric sensors allows ComputerSupported Cooperative Work (CSCW) designers the possibility to enhance online meeting support through automatic recognition of conversational context. This paper addresses the task of discriminating one conversational context against another, specifically brainstorming from decisionmaking interactions using easily computable nonverbal behavioral cues. We hypothesize that the difference in the dynamics between brainstorming and decision-making discussions is significant and measurable using speech activity based nonverbal cues. We employ a set of nonverbal cues to characterize the entire group by the aggregation (both temporal and person-wise) of their nonverbal behavior. Our results on a dataset collected using privacy-sensitive sociometric badges show that the floor-occupation patterns in a brain-storming interaction are different from a decisionmaking interaction and we can obtain a discrimination accuracy as high as 87.5%.

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Cognitive Cooperation: When the Going Gets Tough, Think as a Group

Cited by 16 publications

References 21 publications

The reluctant innovator: orangutans and the phylogeny of creativity

The reluctant innovator: orangutans and the phylogeny of creativity

Privacy-sensitive recognition of group conversational context with sociometers

Recognizing conversational context in group interaction using privacy-sensitive mobile sensors

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