2021
DOI: 10.3390/ijms22031185
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Cognitive Decline in Rheumatoid Arthritis: Insight into the Molecular Pathogenetic Mechanisms

Abstract: Cognitive decline refers to a deterioration of intellectual and learning abilities and related memory problems, and is often associated with behavioral alterations, which prevents sufferers from carrying out the most common daily activities, such as maintaining normal productive interpersonal relationships, communicating, and leading an autonomous life. Numerous studies have highlighted the association between cognitive decline and autoimmune disorders, including rheumatoid arthritis (RA). RA is a chronic, inf… Show more

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Cited by 26 publications
(28 citation statements)
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“…Using functional magnetic resonance imaging, the authors found that cerebral activation diminished during the first 3 days of treatment, whereas joint inflammation was less common from day 28 onward. Therefore, the effect of biologics on cognitive impairment could be a direct central effect and may occur before treatment of joint involvement [ 40 ].…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Using functional magnetic resonance imaging, the authors found that cerebral activation diminished during the first 3 days of treatment, whereas joint inflammation was less common from day 28 onward. Therefore, the effect of biologics on cognitive impairment could be a direct central effect and may occur before treatment of joint involvement [ 40 ].…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The aetiology of cognitive impairment is still uncertain. However, epidemiological studies demonstrate association of cognitive impairment with a number of other disorders, including cardiovascular diseases, diabetes mellitus, rheumatoid arthritis, asthma, osteoporosis and skin disorders, [18][19][20][21] although these associations are hotly debated. [22][23][24][25][26] In this review, we focus on the link between cognitive impairment and inflammatory skin disorders, and we discuss the possible role of cutaneous inflammation in cognitive impairment.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Inflammation of joints and the synovial membrane is the characteristic feature of rheumatoid arthritis (RA), which can result in bone erosion and loss of joints ( Alavala et al, 2020 ; Shams et al, 2021 ). Patients with this condition have symmetrical joint pain, morning stiffness, joint inflammation, cartilage and bone degeneration, and rheumatoid nodules under the skin ( Chang et al, 2015 ; Basile et al, 2021 ). However, RA is linked to secondary amyloidosis, lymphomas, vasculitis, cardiovascular, pulmonary, psychiatric, and skeletal diseases, all of which can lead to permanent impairment in some cases ( Basile et al, 2021 ; Shams et al, 2021 ).…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Patients with this condition have symmetrical joint pain, morning stiffness, joint inflammation, cartilage and bone degeneration, and rheumatoid nodules under the skin ( Chang et al, 2015 ; Basile et al, 2021 ). However, RA is linked to secondary amyloidosis, lymphomas, vasculitis, cardiovascular, pulmonary, psychiatric, and skeletal diseases, all of which can lead to permanent impairment in some cases ( Basile et al, 2021 ; Shams et al, 2021 ). Smoking, gender (females are more likely), obesity, advanced age, and genetic makeup are risk factors for RA ( Shams et al, 2021 ).…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%