Cognitive Deficits in Chronic Pain Patients With and Without History of Head/Neck Injury: Development of a Brief Screening Battery

Schwartz, David P.; Barth, Jeffrey T.; Dane, Joseph R.; Drenan, Sarah E.; DeGood, Douglas E.; Rowlingson, John C.

doi:10.1097/00002508-198703020-00004

Cited by 27 publications

(11 citation statements)

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“…The authors of one study (Dacey et al, 1991) state that it ''…appears to represent the first systematic effort to examine the impact of other systems injuries on cognitive and day-to-day activities of the survivors of head injury''. (p. 221) This conclusion is generally supported by our computer search, with the exception of one earlier study which examined a subset of their chronic pain patient sample who had sustained a prior mild closed-head injury (Schwartz et al, 1987). However, despite this methodological improvement, only three of the 13 studies after 1987 employed an additional non-injury (NI) control (Asarnow et al, 1995;Bijur, Haslum, & Golding, 1990;Mittenberg, Wittner, & Miller, 1997), two of which addressed the effects of mild CHI in children or adolescents (Asarnow et al, 1995;Bijur et al, 1990).…”

supporting

confidence: 53%

“…Of note in this regard is a recent study that reported an elevated rate of PCS in non-head injured patients with chronic pain (Iverson & McCracken, 1997). Three of the studies Grigsby, Rosenberg & Busenbark 1995;Schwartz et al, 1987) in Table 2 also showed that patients with chronic pain (associated with OI) had similar impairments on cognitive-information processing tests as the mild and moderate CHI groups. Other studies (Eccleston, 1994(Eccleston, , 1995Kewman, Valshampayan, Zeid, & Han, 1991) have replicated these findings in chronic pain patients, suggesting that chronic pain may have an effect on cognitive functioning.…”

mentioning

confidence: 93%

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Persistent Post-Concussive Syndrome: A Proposed Methodology and Literature Review to Determine the Effects, if Any, of Mild Head and Other Bodily Injury

Satz

Alfano

Light³

et al. 1999

Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology

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Following mild head injury, a subgroup of individuals exhibit a constellation of chronic symptoms, a condition Alexander (1995) labeled Persistent Post-Concussive Syndrome (PPCS). He implicated neurological factors in the initial phase of the syndrome but psychological factors in the maintenance of symptoms. However, it is unclear as to whether an initial mild head injury is necessary or sufficient to cause the symptoms of PPCS. We first outline a study design comparing a mild closed-head injury group to both a normal and an other injury control group to answer this question. Next, we review the literature since 1960 to determine the findings of any studies using this design. The results of the literature review indicate that few such studies exist. To date, those that have been done suggest that there is no strong evidence for a specific effect for mild head injury on cognitive functioning. We discuss directions for future research given these findings.

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supporting

confidence: 53%

mentioning

confidence: 93%

Persistent Post-Concussive Syndrome: A Proposed Methodology and Literature Review to Determine the Effects, if Any, of Mild Head and Other Bodily Injury

Satz

Alfano

Light³

et al. 1999

Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology

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“…As higher scores on this scale may be observed during the course of somatic illness it is reasonable to conclude that initial high scores were due to pain. In addition, low scores on the number connection test are likely to reflect impaired information processing due to pain as suggested earlier [12]. In contrast to what might be expected [36], the Neuroticism-score from the personality inventory was inversely correlated with poor recovery at 6 and 12 months.…”

Section: Was Results Involved In Litigation Duringmentioning

confidence: 71%

“…While no physiological correlates [5][6][7] can generally be identified after this type of injury, a considerable percentage of patients show protracted disability [3,4,7]. In addition to somatic complaints including neck pain, headache and brachialgia [7][8][9][10] several psychological symptoms [8,11] and cognitive problems [10,[12][13][14] have been documented during the course of the whiplash syndrome. The widespread opinion that protracted symptoms following whiplash reflect neurotic or compensation-seeking behaviour [6,8,[15][16][17][18][19] is not based on experimental studies designed using random patient sampling.…”

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confidence: 99%

Relationship Between Early Somantic, Radiological, Congnitive and Psychosocial Findings and Outcome During a One-Year Follow-Up in 117 Patients Suffering From Common Whiplash

et al. 1994

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SUMMARYTo analyse the significance of the interplay between somatic and psychosocial factors in influencing the course of recovery a non-selected well defined group of 117 whiplash patients was investigated. Initial examination was performed, on average, 7.2 ± 4.2 days after trauma and follow-ups were carried out at 3, 6 and 12 months. At the initial investigation all patients were given a neurological examination, cognitive and psychosocial factor assessment and cervical spine X-rays. At each follow-up stepwise regression was performed to evaluate the relationship between initial findings and the course of recovery. Fifty-one (44%), 36 (31%) and 28 (24%) patients were symptomatic at 3, 6 and 12 months respectively. Poor improvement at all examinations was significantly correlated with factors associated with severity of injury such as initial symptoms of radicular irritation and intensity of neck pain. Moreover, results indicate that poor recovery is related to severity of injury in addition to some pre-traumatic factors (previous history of head trauma and headache) and initial injuryrelated reaction (i.e. sleep disturbances, reduced speed of information processing and nervousness). However, psychosocial factors did not prove predictive at any follow-up examination. These results indicate that symptoms suggesting a more severe neck injury appear to be particularly related to delayed recovery from common whiplash. Moreover these results may be of value in the obj ective evaluation of potentially difficult claims for compensation, which may in some cases be falsely based.

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“…The findings have been mixed. In severe cases of whiplash, there are indications that the injury may result in significant and measurable cognitive impairment (13,14). However, other studies have failed to reveal evidence of significant cognitive dysfunction following whiplash injury, and still others have questioned whether observed cognitive dysfunction can be attributed to injury-related neural damage (6,9,10,12,13,15).…”

Section: Whiplash Injuries and Cognitive Difficultiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Perceived Cognitive Deficits, Emotional Distress and Disability following Whiplash Injury

Sullivan

Hall

Bartolacci

et al. 2002

Pain Research and Management

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OBJECTIVES:To describe the pattern of perceived cognitive deficits in patients with whiplash injury, to examine the relation between perceived cognitive deficits and disability, and to examine the determinants of perceived cognitive deficits in patients with whiplash injury. PARTICIPANTS: A total of 81 individuals participated in the study. There were 29 patients (13 men, 16 women) with a diagnosis of whiplash, grade I or II. Patients with work-related softtissue injuries (n=24) and nonclinical controls (n=28) were included as comparison groups. METHODS: Participants completed measures of perceived cognitive deficits, pain severity, depression, anxiety and pain-related disability. RESULTS:Both patient groups scored significantly higher than the nonpatient control group on the measure of perceived cognitive deficits, but did not differ significantly from each other. Perceptions of cognitive deficits were significantly correlated with pain-related disability. A hierarchical regression examining the relative contribution of anxiety, depression and pain showed that only anxiety and depression contributed significant unique variance to the prediction of perceived cognitive deficits. DISCUSSION: The potential benefits of focusing interventions on the management of anxiety and depression in the rehabilitation of patients with whiplash injuries are discussed.

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Cognitive Deficits in Chronic Pain Patients With and Without History of Head/Neck Injury: Development of a Brief Screening Battery

Cited by 27 publications

References 0 publications

Persistent Post-Concussive Syndrome: A Proposed Methodology and Literature Review to Determine the Effects, if Any, of Mild Head and Other Bodily Injury

Persistent Post-Concussive Syndrome: A Proposed Methodology and Literature Review to Determine the Effects, if Any, of Mild Head and Other Bodily Injury

Relationship Between Early Somantic, Radiological, Congnitive and Psychosocial Findings and Outcome During a One-Year Follow-Up in 117 Patients Suffering From Common Whiplash

Perceived Cognitive Deficits, Emotional Distress and Disability following Whiplash Injury

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