Cognitive Development in the Down's Syndrome Infant: Slow or Different?

Morss, John R.

doi:10.1111/j.2044-8279.1983.tb02534.x

Cited by 36 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…This manifests a marked cognitive delay, inasmuch as unimpaired children reach this level of understanding at about 8 to 12 months of age (e.g., Butterworth, 1977;Diamond, 1985;Piaget, 1954;Uzgiris & Hunt, 1975), and this DS sample ranged from 20 to 43 months of age. Such delays on OP in young children with DS are in line with previous findings (Dunst, 1988(Dunst, , 1990Dunst & Rheingrover, 1983;Kahn, 1978;Mervis & Cardoso-Martins, 1984;Morss, 1983Morss, , 1984. It is probable that the few studies reporting little or no delay in OP for children with DS (Cicchetti & Mans-Wagener, 1987;Wishart, 1988) provided training by testing the infants repeatedly.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 77%

“…Although object permanence has been investigated numerous times in this population (Cicchetti & MansWagener, 1987;Dunst, 1981Dunst, , 1988Dunst, , 1990Dunst & Rheingrover, 1983;Kahn, 1978;Mervis & Cardoso-Martins, 1984;Morss, 1983Morss, , 1984Pasnak & Pasnak, 1987;Sloper, Glenn, & Cunningham, 1986;Wishart, 1986Wishart, , 1987Wishart & Duffy, 1990), this is the first study designed to test deferred imitation in young children with Down syndrome.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Memory and representation in young children with Down syndrome: Exploring deferred imitation and object permanence

Rast

Meltzoff

1995

Dev Psychopathol

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Deferred imitation and object permanence (OP) were tested in 48 young children with Down syndrome (DS), ranging from 20 to 43 months of age. Deferred imitation and high-level OP (invisible displacements) have long been held to be synchronous developments during sensorymotor "Stage 6" (18-24 months of age in unimpaired children). The results of the current study demonstrate deferred imitation in young children with DS, showing they can learn novel behaviors from observation and retain multiple models in memory. This is the first demonstration of deferred imitation in young children with DS. The average OP level passed in this sample was A-not-B, a task passed at 8-12 months of age in normally developing infants. Analyses showed that individual children who failed high-level OP (invisible displacements) could still perform deferred imitation. This indicates that deferred imitation and OP invisible displacements are not synchronous developments in children with DS. This asynchrony is compatible with new data from unimpaired children suggesting that deferred imitation and high-level OP entail separate and distinctive kinds of memory and representation.This study addressed the relationship between imitation from memory (deferred imitation) and object permanence in young children with Down syndrome. Although object permanence has been investigated numerous times in this population (Cicchetti & MansWagener, 1987;Dunst, 1981Dunst, , 1988Dunst, , 1990Dunst & Rheingrover, 1983;Kahn, 1978;Mervis & Cardoso-Martins, 1984;Morss, 1983Morss, , 1984Pasnak & Pasnak, 1987;Sloper, Glenn, & Cunningham, 1986;Wishart, 1986Wishart, , 1987Wishart & Duffy, 1990), this is the first study designed to test deferred imitation in young children with Down syndrome.In classic developmental theory, there is thought to be a deep kinship between deferred imitation and a high level of object permanence ("Stage 6" invisible displacements). Both provide a measure of recall not simply recognition memory: To succeed, infants must generate actions on the basis of stored representations of perceptually absent realities. Both are thought to derive from a common source, the emergence of a representational intelligence (Piaget, 1952(Piaget, , 1954(Piaget, , 1962. It has long been held that deferred imitation and high-level object permanence (OP) emerge in tandem at about 18 to 24 months of age in unimpaired children. NIH Public Access Author ManuscriptDev Psychopathol. Author manuscript; available in PMC 2014 December 18. Published in final edited form as:Dev Psychopathol. 1995 ; 7(3): 393-407. doi:10.1017/S0954579400006593. NIH-PA Author ManuscriptNIH-PA Author Manuscript NIH-PA Author ManuscriptRecent data and theory have shown that some developmental synchronies described by Piagetian theory do not obtain, but that others certainly do (e.g., Astington & Gopnik, 1991;Bates & Snyder, 1987;Curcio & Houlihan, 1987;Fischer & Bidell, 1991;Flavell, 1982;Gopnik & Meltzoff, 1986, 1992Hirschfeld & Gelman, 1994;Uzgiris, 1987). Although contemporary researc...

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 77%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Memory and representation in young children with Down syndrome: Exploring deferred imitation and object permanence

Rast

Meltzoff

1995

Dev Psychopathol

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“…Our research is therefore exploratory with fundamental research preoccupations. Children with Down's syndrome have specifi c psychological characteristics which had been attributed to delayed development (Mans, Cicchetti et Sroufe, 1978), or a specifi c delay in development at certain moments and normal development at others (heterogeneous development; see Kopp, 1983;Morss, 1983). Current research has not been comparative but rather concerns the development of handicapped children depending on their specifi c handicap or the defi cits caused by it.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Hypnotic susceptibility in children with Down's syndrome

Garitte

Cuisinier

Céleste

2009

Contemporary Hypnosis

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Numerous studies on people with Down's syndrome show that they are able to adapt to simple tasks, have a better ability for language comprehension than for language production, and that their learning diffi culties are connected to their particular memory functions as well as to their prolonged information processing time. These characteristics do not, however, highlight elements that suggest non-receptivity to hypnosis. The present research studied (a) hypnotic response in children with Down's syndrome, and (b) the cognitive variables that can mediate the hypnotic response. The sample included twelve participants, 7 girls and 5 boys, ages ranging from 6 to 17, mean age: 10.4 (SD: 3.83). We used the Stanford Hypnotic Scale for Children, Modifi ed Form (SHCS; Morgan and Hilgard, 1979), and also checked Mnemonic recuperation, Abstraction, Perception and Vocabulary comprehension (using different subscales in WPPSI-R, K-ABC and Chevrié Muller, Simon & Decante, 1975). Results show that the children were capable of responding to suggestions under hypnosis; both motor and cognitive. The differences with the pattern of children from the general population are discussed.

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“…We have also been able, using habituation tasks, to measure important differences in attentional capacities between the cohorts that may underpin delays in cognitive development. It may, for example, prove that these attentional differences underpin the different profi les of errors and instability in cognitive performance of infants with Down syndrome noted, for example, by Morss (1983) and Wishart and Duffy (1990).…”

Section: Difficulties In Measuring Cognitive Capacitiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cognitive and social factors in the development of infants with Down syndrome

Moore

Oates²,

Hobson³

et al. 2002

Downs Syndr. Res. Pract.

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-Infants and young children with Down syndrome can be engaging and affectionate. It seems that in the early months of life their personal relations may be relatively 'spared' the effects of limitations in their capacities for information-processing. Yet how far is this the case as development proceeds? In this paper we discuss some ways in which social and cognitive development interact and mutually influence one another over the first year or so of life, and present preliminary findings from a longitudinal study of infants with and without Down syndrome. The evidence suggests that the development of 'triadic' (person-person-world) social interactions may be affected by limited information-processing capacities in infants with Down syndrome, through a complex socially-mediated developmental trajectory.

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Cognitive Development in the Down's Syndrome Infant: Slow or Different?

Cited by 36 publications

References 7 publications

Memory and representation in young children with Down syndrome: Exploring deferred imitation and object permanence

Memory and representation in young children with Down syndrome: Exploring deferred imitation and object permanence

Hypnotic susceptibility in children with Down's syndrome

Cognitive and social factors in the development of infants with Down syndrome

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