Cognitive factors in odor detection, odor discrimination, and odor identification tasks

Hedner, Margareta; Larsson, Maria; Arnold, Nancy; Zucco, Gesualdo M.; Hummel, Thomas

doi:10.1080/13803391003683070

Cited by 411 publications

(369 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…Because odor identification depends to some extent on semantic memory (Hedner, Larsson, Arnold, Zucco, & Hummel, 2010;Larsson, Nilsson, Olofsson, & Nordin, 2004;Olofsson, Rogalski, Harrison, Mesulam, & Gottfried, 2013;Schab, 1991), the logistic regression analysis was repeated to include vocabulary. The results showed that the association between the vocabulary test SRB and dementia was not significant (p 5 .30), and both odor identification and subjective olfactory impairment were unchanged as significant predictors of dementia conversion after including SRB (ps , .05).…”

Section: Semantic Memorymentioning

confidence: 99%

Olfactory Impairment and Subjective Olfactory Complaints Independently Predict Conversion to Dementia: A Longitudinal, Population-Based Study

Stanciu

Larsson

Nordin

et al. 2014

J Int Neuropsychol Soc

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100

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We examined whether conversion to dementia can be predicted by self-reported olfactory impairment and/or by an inability to identify odors. Common forms of dementia involve an impaired sense of smell, and poor olfactory performance predicts cognitive decline among the elderly. We followed a sample of 1529 participants, who were within a normal range of overall cognitive function at baseline, over a 10-year period during which 159 were classified as having a dementia disorder. Dementia conversion was predicted from demographic variables, Mini-Mental State Examination score, and olfactory assessments. Self-reported olfactory impairment emerged as an independent predictor of dementia. After adjusting for effects of other predictors, individuals who rated their olfactory sensitivity as ''worse than normal'' were more likely to convert to dementia than those who reported normal olfactory sensitivity (odds ratio [OR] 5 2.17; 95% confidence interval [CI] [1.40, 3.37]). Additionally, low scores on an odor identification test also predicted conversion to dementia (OR per 1 point increase 5 0.89; 95% CI [0.81, 0.98]), but these two effects were additive. We suggest that assessing subjective olfactory complaints might supplement other assessments when evaluating the risk of conversion to dementia. Future studies should investigate which combination of olfactory assessments is most useful in predicting dementia conversion. (JINS, 2014, 20, 209-217)

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Section: Semantic Memorymentioning

confidence: 99%

Olfactory Impairment and Subjective Olfactory Complaints Independently Predict Conversion to Dementia: A Longitudinal, Population-Based Study

Stanciu

Larsson

Nordin

et al. 2014

J Int Neuropsychol Soc

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100

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“…For example, Hulshoff Pol et al (2000) found women were better at discriminating which odor was the odd one out from three different concentrations of phenylethyl alcohol-but only at short durations. When comparing adults' discrimination across a number of different odors, others have found no differences (e.g., Hedner et al, 2010;Oberg et al, 2002;Zatorre & Jones-Gotman, 1990). …”

Section: Sex Differencesmentioning

confidence: 99%

What Makes a Better Smeller?

et al. 2017

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Olfaction is often viewed as difficult, yet the empirical evidence suggests a different picture. A closer look shows people around the world differ in their ability to detect, discriminate, and name odors. This gives rise to the question of what influences our ability to smell. Instead of focusing on olfactory deficiencies, this review presents a positive perspective by focusing on factors that make someone a better smeller. We consider three driving forces in improving olfactory ability: one's biological makeup, one's experience, and the environment. For each factor, we consider aspects proposed to improve odor perception and critically examine the evidence; as well as introducing lesser discussed areas. In terms of biology, there are cases of neurodiversity, such as olfactory synesthesia, that serve to enhance olfactory ability. Our lifetime experience, be it typical development or unique training experience, can also modify the trajectory of olfaction. Finally, our odor environment, in terms of ambient odor or culinary traditions, can

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“…It may, therefore, be the case that the UPSIT requires more attentional resources compared to the Sniffin' Sticks and may, thus, place greater demands on attentional resources which caused patients with ADHD to perform lower on the UPSIT only. Indeed, research shows that olfactory identification, as opposed to olfactory detection, depends on executive functions and semantic memory (Hedner et al 2010). Moreover, the present review identified a study reporting reduced olfactory identification in patients with the ADHD-inattentive subtype when compared to the ADHD-hyperactive/impulse subtype (Gansler et al 1998) suggesting that symptoms of inattention may affect performance on the UPSIT.…”

Section: Complex Perception In Adhdmentioning

confidence: 93%

“…As discussed above, we nowadays know that cognitive functioning can affect various aspects of perception, such as olfactory identification (Hedner et al 2010) and contrast sensitivity (Carrasco et al 2004). Since ADHD is associated with various neuropsychological problems such as inattention or deficits in executive functions (Thome et al 2012), we do not know whether decreased performance in individuals with ADHD on perceptual tasks relying on higher cognitive functions reflects perceptual or cognitive problems.…”

Section: Limitations and Future Directionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Perception in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder

Fuermaier

Hüpen

Vries

et al. 2017

ADHD Atten Def Hyp Disord

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A large body of research demonstrated that individuals with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) suffer from various neuropsychological deficits. In contrast, less is known and only divergent evidence exists on perceptual functions of individuals with ADHD. This is problematic as neuropsychological and perceptual functions are closely interrelated and are often difficult to disentangle in behavioral assessments. This study presents the conduct and results of a systematic literature review on perceptual functions in children and adults with ADHD. This review considers studies using psychophysical methods (objective measurements) and self-and informant reports (subjective measurements). Results indicate that individuals with ADHD have altered perceptual functions in various domains as compared to typically developing individuals. Increased perceptual functions in individuals with ADHD were found with regard to olfactory detection thresholds, whereas reduced perceptual functions were evident for aspects of visual and speech perception. Moreover, individuals with ADHD were found to experience discomfort to sensory stimuli at a lower level than typically developing individuals. Alterations of perceptual functions in individuals with ADHD were shown to be moderated by various factors, such as pharmacological treatment, cognitive functions, and symptom severity. We conclude by giving implications for daily life functioning and clinical practice.

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Cognitive factors in odor detection, odor discrimination, and odor identification tasks

Cited by 411 publications

References 34 publications

Olfactory Impairment and Subjective Olfactory Complaints Independently Predict Conversion to Dementia: A Longitudinal, Population-Based Study

Olfactory Impairment and Subjective Olfactory Complaints Independently Predict Conversion to Dementia: A Longitudinal, Population-Based Study

What Makes a Better Smeller?

Perception in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder

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