Cognitive function during nicotine withdrawal: Implications for nicotine dependence treatment

Ashare, Rebecca L.; Falcone, Mary; Lerman, Caryn

doi:10.1016/j.neuropharm.2013.04.034

Cited by 137 publications

(121 citation statements)

References 219 publications

(303 reference statements)

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“…Dopamine levels in DLPFC are also influenced by levels of the enzyme catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT), and the COMT val158met variant has been shown to modulate working memory performance and associated BOLD signal change (Ashare et al, 2014;Loughead et al, 2009). Smokers with the val/val genotype (associated with a more active enzyme, resulting in decreased prefrontal dopamine levels) demonstrated impaired performance on the N-back task accompanied by reduced activation in the DLPFC during abstinence challenge compared to smoking (Loughead et al, 2009).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Working Memory-Related Neural Activity Predicts Future Smoking Relapse

Loughead

Wileyto

Ruparel

et al. 2014

Neuropsychopharmacol

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Brief abstinence from smoking impairs cognition, particularly executive function, and this has a role in relapse to smoking. This study examined whether working memory-related brain activity predicts subsequent smoking relapse above and beyond standard clinical and behavioral measures. Eighty treatment-seeking smokers completed two functional magnetic resonance imaging sessions (smoking satiety vs 24 h abstinence challenge) during performance of a visual N-back task. Brief counseling and a short-term quit attempt followed. Relapse during the first 7 days was biochemically confirmed by the presence of the nicotine metabolite cotinine. Mean percent blood oxygen level-dependent (BOLD) signal change was extracted from a priori regions of interest: bilateral dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC), medial frontal/cingulate gyrus, posterior cingulate cortex (PCC), and ventromedial prefrontal cortex. Signal from these brain regions and additional clinical measures were used to model outcome status, which was then validated with resampling techniques. Relapse to smoking was predicted by increased withdrawal symptoms, decreased left DLPFC and increased PCC BOLD percent signal change (abstinence vs smoking satiety). Receiver operating characteristic analysis demonstrated 81% area under the curve using these predictors, a significant improvement over the model with clinical variables only. The combination of abstinence-induced decreases in left DLPFC activation and reduced suppression of PCC may be a prognostic marker for poor outcome, specifically early smoking relapse.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Working Memory-Related Neural Activity Predicts Future Smoking Relapse

Loughead

Wileyto

Ruparel

et al. 2014

Neuropsychopharmacol

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“…Nicotine withdrawal produces unpleasant physiological, affective, and cognitive symptoms that are related to relapse, 29,30 and affects delay discounting and time perception. Abstinence increases delay discounting 31,32 and causes smokers to overestimate time.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sex Differences in Time Perception During Smoking Abstinence

Ashare

Kable

2015

Nicotine & Tobacco Research

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Introduction: Nicotine withdrawal leads to impulsive decision-making, which reflects a preference for smaller, immediate rewards and often prompts a relapse to smoking. The mechanism by which nicotine withdrawal leads to impulsive decision-making is not well known. An essential dimension of decision-making is time perception. Impulsive decisions reflect intolerance of temporal delays and the perception that time is passing more slowly. Sex may be an important factor in impulsive decision-making and time perception, but no studies have investigated whether sex moderates the effects of nicotine withdrawal on impulsive decision-making and time perception. Methods: Thirty-three (12 female) adult smokers completed 2 laboratory sessions: following 24-hr abstinence and once smoking-as-usual (order counterbalanced, abstinence biochemically verified). Participants completed 2 time perception tasks, a decision-making task, and self-report measures of craving, withdrawal, and mood. Results: During time reproduction, males overestimated time during abstinence compared to smoking, whereas there was no session effect for females. On the time discrimination task, smokers were less accurate during abstinence, and this effect tended to be stronger among females. In general, males had higher discounting rates compared with females, but there was no effect of abstinence. Conclusions: The current data suggest that the effect of abstinence on time perception may be stronger in males and that males generally exhibit steeper delay discounting rates. Time perception may be an important mechanism in smoking abstinence. Our future work will investigate the role of time perception in smoking relapse and whether this is moderated by sex.

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“…Despite an extensive literature on smoking withdrawal (Ashare, Falcone, & Lerman, 2013;Baker et al, 2012;Bidwell et al, 2013;Etter, Ussher, & Hughes, 2012;Evans et al, 2013;Hendricks & Leventhal, 2013), few studies have evaluated early withdrawal effects-those that emerge during the first minutes and hours after the last cigarette. To the best of our knowledge, only two studies have systematically evaluated the early time course of smoking withdrawal effects (Brown et al, 2013;Hendricks, Ditre, Drobes, & Brandon, 2006).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%