2008
DOI: 10.1007/s00415-008-0544-0
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Cognitive function in the locked-in syndrome

Abstract: Results indicate that LIS patients can recover intact cognitive levels in cases of pure brainstem lesions, and that additional brain injuries are most likely responsible for associated cognitive deficits in the LIS. Furthermore, a systematic neuropsychological assessment in LIS patients would allow detecting their cognitive deficits,which will contribute to improve their quality of life and of communication with family and medical caretakers.

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Cited by 121 publications
(73 citation statements)
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“…Classical LIS patients 1 offer us a unique opportunity to study this matter as they suffer from a full-body paralysis with preserved cognitive functions (Bruno, Bernheim, Schnakers, & Laureys, 2008;Bruno, Pellas, Schnackers et al, 2008;Gosseries, Bruno, Vanhaudenhuyse, Laureys, & Schnakers, 2009;Laureys, Perrin, & Bredart, 2007;Schnakers et al, 2008). LIS often results from a vascular accident touching the brain stem (Laureys et al, 2005) and is characterized by complete awareness and the ability to communicate using vertical eye movements or blinking while being paralyzed and voiceless (American Congress of Rehabilitation Medicine, 1995).…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Classical LIS patients 1 offer us a unique opportunity to study this matter as they suffer from a full-body paralysis with preserved cognitive functions (Bruno, Bernheim, Schnakers, & Laureys, 2008;Bruno, Pellas, Schnackers et al, 2008;Gosseries, Bruno, Vanhaudenhuyse, Laureys, & Schnakers, 2009;Laureys, Perrin, & Bredart, 2007;Schnakers et al, 2008). LIS often results from a vascular accident touching the brain stem (Laureys et al, 2005) and is characterized by complete awareness and the ability to communicate using vertical eye movements or blinking while being paralyzed and voiceless (American Congress of Rehabilitation Medicine, 1995).…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…LIS patients show quadriplegia, mutism, and bilateral facial palsy with preservation of vertical gaze and upper eyelid movements; consciousness and cognitive abilities are spared (Schnakers et al, 2008). LIS patients are able to interact with the environment solely through eye-coded communication; despite this extreme degree of motor disability, LIS patients appear emotionally adapted to their severe physical conditions (Cappa et al, 1985;Lulé et al, 2009).…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…En outre, chez les patients ECM, l'activité était plus étendue lorsque les stimulus présentés avaient une valeur émotionnelle (cris de bébé, prénom du patient) que lorsque la présentation de sons était sans signification [23]. De façon similaire, lors de stimulations nociceptives, contrairement aux patients EV, les patients ECM présentaient une activation de l'ensemble et continue (excepté en cas de ptosis bilatéral 1 ), démontre des fonctions supérieures relativement préservées [9], une atteinte sévère de la parole (aphonie ou hypophonie), une quadriplégie ou quadriparésie et un mode de communication principalement basé sur les mouvements oculo-palpébraux [6]. La conscience se manifeste généralement par différents comportements tels qu'une poursuite visuelle, une réponse à des ordres simples, une reconnaissance d'objets [7].…”
Section: Paradigmes Passifs Et Stimulations Sensoriellesunclassified