“Cognitive” Functions of the Neostriatum

Öberg, R. Gunilla E.; Divac, Ivan

doi:10.1016/b978-0-08-023174-7.50023-0

Cited by 97 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 98 publications

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“…Performance in the delayed alternation task is characteristically disrupted by lesions of the anteromedial prefrontal cortex, and selective lesions of its projection area in the neostriatum-i.e., the anteromedial part of the head of the CPu-have similar effects (9,17,18 Proc. Natl.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 81%

Graft-induced behavioral recovery in an animal model of Huntington disease.

Isacson¹,

Dunnett²,

Björklund³

1986

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

209

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Bilateral ibotenic acid lesions of the anteromedial neostriatum produce neuropathological and behavioral changes in rats that are characterized by locomotor hyperactivity and severe maze learning impairments, which can be viewed as analogous to changes seen in Huntington disease. Grafts of fetal striatal neurons, implanted either into the lesioned striatum or into the denervated globus pallidus, reduced both the learning impairments and the locomotor hyperactivity, probably via different mechanisms. The results demonstrate the capacity of neural implants for functional neuronal replacement and promotion of functional recovery after damage to a maijor telencephalic structure participating in complex cognitive and motoric behaviors.Neurodegenerative diseases in man represent neuropathological conditions where rather selective and anatomically restricted neuronal damage results in characteristic and often severe behavioral deterioration. There is accumulating evidence from experimental work in rodents that intracerebral implants of fetal aminergic neurons at least to some degree can substitute, both anatomically and functionally, for lost intrinsic pathways in the brain. This is based, in particular, on results obtained with grafts of mesencephalic dopamine neurons in rats with lesions that mimic the dopamine deficiency in patients with Parkinson disease (1, 2) and with grafts of basal forebrain cholinergic neurons in rats with lesions that reproduce the cholinergic deficit in patients with dementia of the Alzheimer type (3-5). In these types of experimental lesions the primary damage is confined to such types of neurons, operating with acetylcholine or a monoamine as their transmitter, which normally act as tonic regulatory or level-setting systems in the brain. Hence, it is conceivable that the functional effects of grafted dopaminergic and cholinergic neurons could be mediated via a relatively nonspecific tonic release of the transmitter into their local environment.Huntington chorea is characterized by a massive neuronal degeneration, particularly in the neostriatum, accompanied by motor dyskinesias and progressive mental deterioration. In rats, injections of excitotoxic amino acids, such as kainic acid or ibotenic acid (IA), into the caudate-putamen (CPu) are capable of producing neuropathological and neurochemical changes in the basal ganglia that resemble those seen in Huntington disease (6-8). The behavioral changes seen in rats with excitotoxic neostriatal lesions are, by necessity, only of a correlative nature compared to the human disease. Thus, the rats with lesions do not, for example, exhibit any overt involuntary movements, typically seen in Huntingtonian patients. However, when the excitotoxic lesion involves the anteromedial neostriatum, which is the region most closely corresponding to the head of the caudate nucleus in man, the rats do develop a hyperactivity syndrome combined with substantial impairments in learning and memory (9-13), which can be viewed as analogous to the cardinal beha...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 81%

Graft-induced behavioral recovery in an animal model of Huntington disease.

Isacson¹,

Dunnett²,

Björklund³

1986

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

209

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“…Dubbeldam [1998] emphasizes its role in stereotyped behavior, but it might also be involved in motivational, emotional and cog-nitive aspects of behavior [see Parent, 1986]. Stewart et al [1996] and Mezey et al [1999] have looked at striatopallidal influences on passive avoidance learning in chicks, whereas in mammals, links with the cerebral cortex suggest that the striatopallidal complex could be important in cognitive processes Oberg and Divac, 1979].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Relative Size of the Hyperstriatum ventrale Is the Best Predictor of Feeding Innovation Rate in Birds

et al. 2000

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Within the avian telencephalon, the dorsal ventricular ridge (DVR) contains higher order and multimodal integration areas. Using multiple regressions on 17 avian taxa, we show that an operational estimate of behavioral flexibility, the frequency of feeding innovation reports in ornithology journals, is most closely predicted by relative size of one of these DVR areas, the hyperstriatum ventrale. Neither phylogeny, juvenile development mode, nor species sampled account for the relationship. Similar results are found when the hyperstriatum ventrale is lumped with a second DVR structure, the neostriatum. In simple correlations, size of the wulst and the striatopallidal complex is associated with feeding innovation rate, but the two structures are eliminated from the multiple regressions. Our results parallel those on primates showing a correlation between innovation rate and neocortex size and support the idea that the mammalian neocortex and the neostriatum-hyperstriatum ventrale complex in birds have similar integrative roles.

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“…Furthermore, rats, monkeys, and humans with caudate lesions have deficits in tasks like delayed response, delayed alternation, and delayed matching to position (Divac, Rosvold, & Szwarcbart, 1967;Dunnett, 1990;Oberg & Divac, 1979;Partiot et al, 1996;Sanberg, Lehmann, & Fibiger, 1978). One salient feature of delayed response, delayed alternation, and delayed matching to position tasks is the maintenance of spatial orientation to the baited food, relative to the position of the subject's body, often based on proprioceptive and vestibular feedback.…”

Section: Short-term or Working Memory --Response Attributementioning

confidence: 99%

Neurobiological foundations of an attribute model of memory

Kesner¹

2013

CCBR

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Memory is a complex phenomenon due to a large number of potential interactions that are associated with the organization of memory at the psychological and neural system level. In this review article a tripartite, multiple attribute, multiple process memory model with different forms of memory and its neurobiological underpinnings is represented in terms of the nature, structure or content of information representation as a set of different attributes including language, time, place, response, reward value (affect) and visual object as an example of sensory-perception. For each attribute, information is processed in the event-based, knowledge-based, and rule-based memory systems through multiple operations that involve multiple neural underpinnings. Of the many processes associated with the event-based memory system, the emphasis will be placed on short-term or working memory and pattern separation. Of the many processes associated with the knowledgebased memory system, the emphasis will be placed on perceptual processes. Of the many processes associated with the rule-based memory system the emphasis will be on short-term or working memory and paired associate learning. For all three systems data will be presented to demonstrate differential neuroanatomical mediation and where available parallel results will be presented in rodents, monkeys and humans.

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“Cognitive” Functions of the Neostriatum

Cited by 97 publications

References 98 publications

Graft-induced behavioral recovery in an animal model of Huntington disease.

Graft-induced behavioral recovery in an animal model of Huntington disease.

Relative Size of the Hyperstriatum ventrale Is the Best Predictor of Feeding Innovation Rate in Birds

Neurobiological foundations of an attribute model of memory

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