Cognitive neuroscience of delusions in aging

Holt, Anna E.; Albert, Martin L.

doi:10.2147/nedt.2006.2.2.181

Cited by 31 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 78 publications

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“…That is, a person who at a first view could be identified as a family member is thought to be someone else, namely a specific persecutor. Nevertheless, current literature is quite homogeneous about the use of the more permissive definition of DM that we applied [7]. …”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Over the last two decades, growing evidence has supported the hypothesis that the presence of psychotic symptoms may configure an independent subtype of AD (AD + psychosis, AD-P), characterized by a specific neurobiological and genetic substrate [4]. Classical descriptions of psychosis in AD identified three main groups of symptoms, namely paranoid delusions (PD), delusional misidentifications (DM), and hallucinations (HALL) [5,6,7]. The clinical reliability of this subdivision was well confirmed by subsequent factor analysis studies conducted on subjects affected by AD-P [8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Cognitive and Behavioral Determinants of Psychotic Symptoms in Alzheimer's Disease

Quaranta¹,

Vita²,

Bizzarro³

et al. 2015

Dement Geriatr Cogn Disord

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Aims: To investigate the relationship between psychotic symptoms and cognitive impairment in Alzheimer's disease (AD). Methods: A total of 108 subjects affected by AD were subdivided into subjects without delusions (ND), subjects with paranoid delusions (PD), subjects with delusional misidentifications (DM), subjects with both DM and PD (DM+PD), subjects with visual hallucinations (v-HALL), and subjects without visual hallucinations (N-HALL). Results: PD and ND subjects performed similarly on neuropsychological tests, while DM patients performed significantly worse than PD and ND patients. v-HALL patients performed worse than N-HALL patients on memory, visuospatial, and executive functions. As for behavioral features, DM and v-HALL subjects reported higher scores on the abnormal motor behavior subscale of the neuropsychiatric inventory (NPI); PD subjects reported higher scores on the disinhibition subscale of the NPI. The severity of PD was predicted by the severity of disinhibition (B = 0.514; p = 0.016) but not by neuropsychological performances. The severity of DM was predicted by age (B = 0.099; p = 0.048) and MMSE (B = -0.233; p = 0.001). The severity of v-HALL was predicted by age (B = 0.052; p = 0.037) and scores on an immediate visual memory task (B = -0.135; p = 0.007). Conclusions: The occurrence of PD may require the relative sparing of cognitive functions and be favored by frontal lobe dysfunction, while DM is associated with the overall level of cognitive impairment. Finally, v-HALL are associated with the impairment of visuospatial abilities.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cognitive and Behavioral Determinants of Psychotic Symptoms in Alzheimer's Disease

Quaranta¹,

Vita²,

Bizzarro³

et al. 2015

Dement Geriatr Cogn Disord

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“…Misidentification delusions frequently seen in AD often represent true neuropsychiatric manifestations of neurodegeneration and include Capgras type (the feeling that someone known to the patient is replaced by an impostor), phantom boarder syndrome (the feeling that strangers are living in the patient's house), mirror sign (patient misidentification of his or her own image in a mirror), and TV sign (television images misidentified as real) [5]. Despite the longstanding recognition that delusions are part of AD, our understanding of the pathophysiology and pharmacotherapy of delusions is still incomplete.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neurobiology of Delusions in Alzheimer’s Disease

Ismail

Nguyen

Fischer

et al. 2011

Curr Psychiatry Rep

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Alzheimer's disease (AD) is associated with cognitive and functional impairment as well as neuropsychiatric sequelae, including psychotic symptoms such as delusions and hallucinations. Strong evidence supports the need to study delusions separate from hallucinations. Integrating the epidemiology, clinical correlates, and neuropathological and genetic literature for delusions in AD allows us to speculate on etiology and mechanisms. Plaque and tangle deposition in individuals with susceptible alleles of serotonergic, muscarinic, nicotinic, or Apoε4 genes appears to result in disruption of cortical circuitry, culminating in delusions. While delusions in AD correspond to a phenotype distinct from AD without delusions, subtypes of delusions may also define further distinct clinical entities.Persecutory delusions may occur earlier in the illness and have a more significant genetic component than misidentification delusions, which are associated with increased cognitive impairment and advanced dementia. Clearly distinguishing between these two syndromes is essential to making progress in the area of delusions in AD.

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“…Nekateri avtorji navajajo, da je po namestitvi slušnih pripomočkov nastalo izboljšanje psihotičnih simptomov. Prav tako imajo bolniki z LOS pogostejše okvare vida (1,4,5,7,9,(12)(13)(14). Pri sindromu Charles Bonnet, ki pogosto označuje vidne halucinacije pri slabovidnih, se omenja, da je okvara vida nespecifični dejavnik tveganja za vidne halucinacije pri nekaterih boleznih, kot so pozno nastala shizofrenija in nekatere nevrodegenerativne bolezni (15).…”

Section: Dejavniki Tveganjaunclassified

Shizofrenija z začetkom v poznem življenjskem obdobju

2018

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IzvlečekPozno nastala shizofrenija je v zadnjih letih predmet kontroverzne razprave v medicinski stroki predvsem zaradi težave pri doseganju konsenza glede postavitve same diagnoze. V članku skušamo na enem mestu pregledno povzeti znanstvene vire, nastale v preteklih desetletjih, in podati celostni pregled od diagnoze do zdravljenja te dokaj pogoste bolezni. Od zgodaj nastale shizofrenije se pozno nastala razlikuje po simptomih, zdravljenju, napovedi izida ter patogenezi, v kateri naj bi pri zgodaj nastali prevladovala motnja v razvoju, medtem ko gre pri pozno nastali po vsej verjetnosti za degenerativen proces znotraj centralnega živčnega sistema. Posebna pozornost pa je potrebna pri diferencialnodiagnostični obravnavi bolnikov, pri katerih sumimo, da gre za to bolezen. Izključiti je namreč potrebno degenerativne bolezni, ekspanzivne procese, nevrološke in psihiatrične motnje ter nazadnje tudi zlorabo psihoaktivnih snovi. V zadnjem času je veliko raziskav tudi s področja vloge genetike v patogenezi bolezni, vendar pa je poznavanje genetskega vpliva za klinično diagnostiko v tem trenutku še nezadostno. Zlati standard pri diagnosticiranju pozno nastale shizofrenije tako še naprej ostaja klinični pregled bolnika. Za konec pa smo poudarili tudi posebnosti farmakoterapije ter povzeli aktualne smernice zdravljenja pozno nastale shizofrenije. AbstractIn recent years, late-onset schizophrenia is a subject of controversial debate in the medical profession largely due to difficulties in reaching a consensus on the diagnosis of the disorder. In the present article we try to summarize in one place the scientific resources that were studying this disorder in the past decades and present a comprehensive overview from diagnosis to treatment of this relatively common disorder. Late-onset schizophrenia differs from early-onset schizophrenia in terms of symptoms, treatment, prognosis and pathogenesis, which is in early-onset schizophrenia based mainly on the developmental causes, whereas late-onset schizophrenia is most likely the result of a degenerative process within the central nervous system. Differential diagnosis of this disorder can be especially challenging and therefore demands additional attention. It is necessary to exclude degenerative diseases, expansive processes, neurological and psychiatric disorders, and ultimately, the abuse of psychoactive substances. Lately, there has been a lot of research done on genetic causes that could explain pathogenesis of the disorder, however, knowledge of the genetic influence for the establishment of clinical diagnosis is at this moment still inadequate. Thus, a clinical examination of the patient still remains the gold standard for the diagnosis of late-onset schizophrenia.. Finally, we highlight the particularities of pharmacotherapy and summarize the current treatment guidelines for late-onset schizophrenia.

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Cognitive neuroscience of delusions in aging

Cited by 31 publications

References 78 publications

Cognitive and Behavioral Determinants of Psychotic Symptoms in Alzheimer's Disease

Cognitive and Behavioral Determinants of Psychotic Symptoms in Alzheimer's Disease

Neurobiology of Delusions in Alzheimer’s Disease

Shizofrenija z začetkom v poznem življenjskem obdobju

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