Cognitive processes in skimming stories.

Masson, Michael E. J.

doi:10.1037/0278-7393.8.5.400

Cited by 57 publications

(59 citation statements)

References 50 publications

(79 reference statements)

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“…It was expected that if the performance deficit observed in Experiment 1 was at least partly due to poor integrative processing of ideas across sentences during rapid sequential presentation of text, subjects probably would not be able to make the best possible use of the visual information available to them to generate a representative text macrostructure. When skimming, readers do not seem to spend very different amounts of time viewing gist-relevant as opposed to irrelevant information (Masson, 1982;Just et al, Note 1), but their conceptual processing of sampled information is sufficiently selective to produce acceptable macrostructure representations (Masson, 1982; Masson et a1., Note 2).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Conceptual processing of text during skimming and rapid sequential reading

Masson

1983

Memory & Cognition

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Potential conceptual processing difficulties associated with abbreviating the duration of eye fixations during reading were explored using a rapid sequential visual presentation (RSVP) paradigm in which each word of a text was briefly presented (for as little as 86 msec) at a fixed location. Question answering and accuracy of summaries associated with RSVP were found to be inferior to performance obtained when subjects skimmed conventionally presented passages.RSVP performance was enhanced by inserting brief pauses between sentences. The pauses produced only minor changes in the perceptual characteristics of RSVP, but they probably allowed subjects to more readily process information that had been buffered in working memory. These results imply that eye fixation durations in conventional reading reflect the time constraints of conceptual processing operations (as well as constraints of planning and initiating eye movements), but also that these conceptual operations may be distributed over later fixations and even postponed until a syntactic boundary is reached.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is also true, however, that according to comprehension tests readers are not very accurate at visually selecting goal-relevant information for processing (Masson, 1982;Masson, Carpenter, & Just, Note 2). Important information is often missed while a good deal of irrelevant information is sampled.…”

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confidence: 99%

Conceptual processing of text during skimming and rapid sequential reading

Masson

1983

Memory & Cognition

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“…The average reading speed in printed text is 200-300 words per minute (Masson, 1982). Reynolds, Standiford, and Anderson (1979) timed subjects' reading speed of 12 sections of a 48-page text presented via a microcomputer.…”

Section: Computer Presentation Of Text Versus the Printed Pagementioning

confidence: 99%

“…This failure to locate relevant information may be due to insufficient attention to, and encoding of, each word. Alternatively, failure to locate relevant information may be due to limited memorial capacity for printed information (Masson, 1982).…”

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confidence: 99%

Locating Discrete Information in Text: Effects of Computer Presentation and Menu Formatting

McGoldrick

Bergering

Martin

et al. 1992

Journal of Reading Behavior

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Locating information is a major component of student and adult reading. Dreher and Guthrie (1987) examined locating information in a text chapter presented via a microcomputer. The present experiment attempted to determine if there were differences in locating discrete information in printed versus computerized text. Possible differences may have been caused by method of presentation (computer vs. printed page) or the presence or absence of a menu at the front of the text. This menu presented areas of the text that could be searched (e.g., table of contents, text, glossary, and index). Eighty undergraduate students enrolled in an introductory psychology course attempted to find answers to six factual questions in text presented via either medium. Computer search tended to be more time consuming and less efficient than printed text search. No differences were found between computer and text conditions in total number of correct answers located. Computer groups searched the glossary more often than printed text groups. Possible explanations for these results are discussed and implications for future research are drawn.Researchers of reading recently have become interested in how individuals search for information in written material

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“…Conceptual processes, on the other hand, use global knowledge not contained in the document itself, but rather in the knowl-edge that the author implies in the document or in the domain knowledge the indexer possesses. Models of conceptual and perceptual processes are presented in [8,16,21].…”

Section: An Overview Of Subject Indexingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Automatic subject indexing using an associative neural network

Chung

Pottenger

Schatz

1998

Proceedings of the Third ACM Conference on Digital Libraries - DL '98

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The global growth in popularity of the World Wide Web has been enabled in part by the availability of browser based search tools which in turn have led to an increased demand for indexing techniques and technologies. As the amount of globally accessible information in community repositories grows, it is no longer cost-effective for such repositories to be indexed by professional indexers who have been trained to be consistent in subject assignment from controlled vocabulary lists. The era of amateur indexers is thus upon us, and the information infrastructure needs to provide support for such indexing if search of the Net is to produce useful results.

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Cognitive processes in skimming stories.

Cited by 57 publications

References 50 publications

Conceptual processing of text during skimming and rapid sequential reading

Conceptual processing of text during skimming and rapid sequential reading

Locating Discrete Information in Text: Effects of Computer Presentation and Menu Formatting

Automatic subject indexing using an associative neural network

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