Cognitive profiles in Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) patients associated with Parkinson′s disease and cognitive disorders

Abstract

Background:Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is rapidly becoming one of the most common clinical manifestations affecting the elderly and represents an heterogeneous clinical syndrome that can be ascribed to different etiologies; the construct of MCI in Parkinson's disease (PD) (MCI-PD) is more recent but the range of deficits is still variable. Early recognition and accurate classification of MCI-PD could offer opportunities for novel therapeutic interventions to improve the natural pathologic course.Objective:To investigate the clinical phenotype of amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI) and in patients with PD and MCI (MCI-PD).Materials and Methods:Seventy-three patients with aMCI and in 38 patients with MCI-PD were enrolled. They all underwent Mini–mental State Examination (MMSE), the Rey auditory-verbal learning test and the immediate visual memory (IVM) item of the Mental Deterioration Battery, the Rey auditory-verbal learning test included the Rey-immediate (Rey-I), and the delayed recall of the word list (Rey test deferred, Rey-D). The Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS) was used for mood assessment.Results:The results of the Rey-I and Rey-D and of the IVM item showed statistically significant differences between the aMCI and the MCI-PD group. The mean Rey-I and Rey-D score was significantly lower as well as the IVM score was higher in patients with aMCI than in those with MCI-PD, aMCI patients showed greater impairment in long-term memory, whereas more aMCI than MCI-PD patients had preserved attention, computation, praxis, and conceptualization.Conclusions:Our findings demonstrate that the cognitive deficit profile is specific for each of the two disorders: Memory impairment was a typical feature in aMCI patients while MCI-PD patients suffered from executive functions and visuospatial attention deficits.

Conscious Attention Defect and Inhibitory Control Deficit in Parkinson’s Disease-Mild Cognitive Impairment: A Comparison Study With Amnestic Mild Cognitive Impairment Multiple Domain

“…In comparison to the previous investigation (Pistacchi et al 2015), we would stress that the present study represents a step forward in specifying the attention/working memory and executive profile of PD-MCI patients in comparison to aMCI+ ones and also contributes to an informative analysis of specificity and validity of the PD-MCI clinical entity. PD-MCI patients may present a defect of conscious attention and an inhibitory control deficit conversely to a scarce selfmonitoring/rule-bound and time assumed for planning accuracy that characterize aMCI+ patients.…”

“…To date, only one study directly compared performances of PD-MCI patients versus aMCI+ patients for memory domain (Pistacchi et al 2015 …”

Mild Cognitive Impairment in de novo Parkinson's Disease: Selective Attention Deficit as Early Sign of Neurocognitive Decay

“…This represents a strength of our investigation. In comparison to the previous investigations (Pistacchi et al, 2015;Besser et al, 2016;Hessen et al, 2016), we would stress that our research represents a step forward in specifying the attention system profile of de novo PD-MCI patients. However, our study tested a limited sample.…”

Neurochemical changes in basal ganglia affect time perception in parkinsonians

“…Thus, because interval time requires executive resources, factors and diseases that promote changes in attention, clock speed, memory or decision-making, affect in different ways the temporal processing [ 33 ]. Among diseases that affect memory and temporal processing, PD is constantly reported [ 78 – 81 ].…”

“…Although PD is a neurodegenerative disease commonly characterized by its motor characteristics, there is a growing recognition of the impact of the disease on cognition, which influences patients’ quality of life [ 82 ]. The most common cognitive deficits in PD are deficits in attention, executive functioning and visuospatial processing, although patients may also present different degrees of memory loss, which may in some cases be more related to recovery than to a problem of intrinsic coding [ 79 , 81 – 83 ]. With the development of different therapeutic interventions to minimize the disease motor effects [ 84 ], the analysis of neurobiological bases of cognitive dysfunctions in PD has been increasingly sought in order to develop treatments that attenuate the characteristics of dementia associated with disease, including memory problems [ 85 ].…”