Cognitive Reserve, Age, and Neuropsychological Performance in Healthy Participants

Abstract

The first aim of this study was to explore the relation between cognitive reserve, age, and neuropsychological functioning in a healthy sample; and second, to determine the risk of showing cognitive deficits as a function of cognitive reserve. One hundred forty-six healthy participants between the ages of 20 and 79 were submitted to neuropsychological assessment, focusing on attention, memory, visuo-construction, conceptualization and reasoning. Premorbid IQ as measured with the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale Vocabulary subtest was used as a proxy of cognitive reserve. Multivariate regression analysis with age and premorbid IQ as explanatory factors revealed a significant effect in all neuropsychological tests. Logistic regression revealed that participants with low cognitive reserve were more likely to obtain deficient scores (< or =1.5 SD below the mean) in the cognitive domains of attention (odds ratio [OR], 3.13; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.059.29), memory (OR, 6.17; 95% CI, 1.69-22.61) and global functioning (OR, 6.44; 95% CI, 2.56-16.22) than participants with high cognitive reserve. Results suggest that cognitive reserve acts as a protective factor against the expression of cognitive decline related to age in healthy individuals.

Changes in cortical slow wave activity in healthy aging

“…Backman et al 2006;Colsher & Wallace 1991;Corral et al 2006;Evans et al 1993;Wilson et al 1999). For example, attention, short-term storage, visuomotor abilities, verbal memory and visual memory decline with increasing age (Corral et al 2006). Furthermore, a study by Lindenberger and Reischies (1999) reported a decline of the five intellectual abilities: reasoning, memory, perceptual speed, knowledge and fluency.…”

Análisis del desempeño cognitivo de los enfermos con Parkinson: importancia del nivel educativo

“…Esto tiene sentido ya que la reserva cognitiva tiene una alta variabilidad entre las personas que, precisamente, puede normalizarse siempre y cuando conozcamos y registremos, a través de instrumentos adecuados, qué factores son los que intervienen en su unidad como constructo a estudiar. Hasta la fecha se ha recurrido a diferentes estimaciones para su medida, referidas bien sólo a la inteligencia premórbida (36,37), a la combinación de ésta, con los años de educación y el nivel ocupacional (38)(39)(40), o a la inteligencia premórbida y los años de educación (40).…”

Die Reservekapazität des Gehirns beeinflusst die kognitive Funktion im Alter: Motivationale, kognitive und körperliche Facetten

“…B. mit IQ-Tests gemessen), ist mit kognitiver Beeinträchtigung (Corral, Rodriguez, Amenedo, Sanchez, & Diaz, 2006) und Inzidenz der AD assoziiert (Schmand, Smit, Geerlings, & Lindeboom, 1997;Whalley et al, 2000) und sagt ADPathologie in Post-Mortem-Analysen voraus (Riley, Snowdon, Desrosiers, & Markesbery, 2005;Snowdon et al, 1996). Bildung ist ebenfalls in Längsschnittstudien mit der AD-Inzidenz assoziiert (e.g., Karp et al, 2004; und sagt die AD-Prävalenz in Querschnittstudien voraus (e.g., Mortimer, Snowdon, & Markesbery, 2003).…”