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Introduction: during non-pathological aging the modulatory effect of emotion on memory is impaired, being particularly sensitive to amygdala and hippocampus atrophy that occurs in Alzheimer's disease. Aim: the aim of this paper is to analyze how this affects the deterioration of affective states at the beginning and during development of the disease and how the difficulties in remembering emotional information could be used to study emotional valence and arousal levels, in order to develop a test capable of detecting these problems in early stages of the disease. Conclusions: in light of the studies consulted, we recommend the use of recognition instead free recall; multilevel emotional induction methods and greater sensitivity in the analysis of data using parameters based on Signal Detection Theory. The clinical implications of this approach focus on diagnosis, where emotion should be integrated at the same analysis level as memory and attention, and also in the experimental field, providing tools for neuroimaging studies with which to study biological bases of emotional dysfunction.

The coping strategies used during the COVID-19 pandemic could explain why certain individuals experience higher levels of anxiety and depression than others. A sample of 747 subjects completed an ad-hoc questionnaire on their habits during the pandemic, the Stress Coping Questionnaire (SCQ) focused on COVID-19; the Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI) and the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI). High percentages of the sample recorded moderate and severe levels of anxiety (45.38%) and depression (32.13%), which were higher in women. The regression model explained 30.8% and 33.5% of the variance in anxiety and depression, respectively, with the predictive capacity being greater for women than men. Passive coping strategies made up the regression model, with negative self-targeting having the greatest predictive capacity for both anxiety (R 2 = 0.204) and depression (R 2 = 0.215). The results reveal the need to work on reinforcing the perception of control over the situation, promoting active coping strategies.

Sometimes we advise others persons on the decisions they should make, and we accept risks that would be modulated by cognitive and emotional variables. In order to analyze the role of the expressed emotion in this type of interactions, it was conducted an experiment in which the type of emotion (facial expression: joy vs. sadness) and the type of advice (health vs. financial) were manipulated in order to analyze their impact on risk-taking and confidence in the response. The subjects accepted less risk when the facial expression was sadness (vs. happiness) in the financial situations. The findings are discussed as part of the reciprocity process in social interaction, where emotional information could play an important modulating role.

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