Cognitive Reserve in Healthy Aging and Alzheimer’s Disease

Colangeli, Stefano; Boccia, Maddalena; Verde, Paola; Guariglia, Paola; Bianchini, Filippo; Piccardi, Laura

doi:10.1177/1533317516653826

Cited by 94 publications

(78 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…Thus, the effect of aging appears to influence GE of the superior and inferior parts of the brain differently. The frontal regions may not have elicited connectivity degeneration because of cognitive reserve (CR; Reuter-Lorenz et al, 2008; Franzmeier et al, 2018; Martínez et al, 2017; Colangeli et al, 2016). According to Benson et al (2018), “higher functional connectivity in fronto-parietal and salience networks may protect against detrimental effects of white matter lesions on executive functions.” The nodal regions associated with higher cognitive functions may be protected against cerebrovascular pathology by the intrinsic networks encompassing the frontal and parietal lobes.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Area-specific Biased Global Efficiency in Functional Connectivity Provides Features Negatively Correlated with Age

Akama

Ota

2020

Preprint

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12It has been acknowledged that graph-theoretical coefficients computed from the 13 adjacency matrix of cerebral resting-state functional connectivity (RSFC) represent 14aging of the brain and its plasticity facilitating cognitive reserve. In particular, global 15 efficiency (GE) has been recognized as a crucial graph index for age-dependent RSFC. 16Using the dataset of the Nathan Kline Institute-Rockland Sample [NKI-RS], we found 17 that the regions of the brain in which GE values decay with age were located in the 18 subcortical zone and the cerebellum, whereas an opposite relationship was found in 19 many frontal and parietal regions. Based on this systematic tendency, a new coefficient 20 was proposed that corrects GE, referred to as biased GE (BGE); BGE is calculated by 21 changing the sign of the weight between the superior and the inferior parts of the brain 22 before separately averaging the respective sign groups of area-specific corrected GE 23 values, to influence the raw global network GE. The BGE showed a significant negative 24 correlation with age, irrespective of the scan condition, and strong consistency as an 25 information source of a subject's identity. We propose that this new index could play an 26 important role in the clinical context of preventive medicine and the maintenance of 27 healthy brains. 28

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Area-specific Biased Global Efficiency in Functional Connectivity Provides Features Negatively Correlated with Age

Akama

Ota

2020

Preprint

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“…Lesser cognitive reserve such as low education has been recognized as a risk factor for AD and greater cognitive reserve indicated a protective effect for neurodegeneration [57–62]. Including blunted senses such as taste deficit, auditory and olfactory impairment chronically accumulated effects of DD may create a significant deficit of physiological cognitive reserve, worsening the aging process and amplifying the possibility of neurodegeneration, including AD.…”

Section: Dd and Reduced Cognitive Reservementioning

confidence: 99%

Dental deafferentation and brain damage: A review and a hypothesis

Jou

2018

The Kaohsiung J of Med Scie

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In the last few decades, neurobiological and human brain imaging research have greatly advanced our understanding of brain mechanisms that support perception and memory, as well as their function in daily activities. Knowledge of the neurobiological mechanisms behind the deafferentation of stomatognathic systems has also expanded greatly in recent decades. In particular, current studies reveal that the peripheral deafferentations of stomatognathic systems may be projected globally into the central nervous system (CNS) and become an associated critical factor in triggering and aggravating neurodegenerative diseases. This review explores basic neurobiological mechanisms associated with the deafferentation of stomatognathic systems. Further included is a discussion on tooth loss and other dental deafferentation (DD) mechanisms, with a focus on dental and masticatory apparatuses associated with brain functions and which may underlie the changes observed in the aging brain. A new hypothesis is presented where DD and changes in the functionality of teeth and the masticatory apparatus may cause brain damage as a result of altered cerebral circulation and dysfunctional homeostasis. Furthermore, multiple recurrent reorganizations of the brain may be a triggering or contributing risk factor in the onset and progression of neurodegenerative conditions such as Alzheimer's disease (AD). A growing understanding of the association between DD and brain aging may lead to solutions in treating and preventing cognitive decline and neurodegenerative diseases.

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“…brain size, synaptic density, and dendritic diameter), and/or metabolic (e.g. glucose hypometabolism and blood flow) factors (Perneczky et al, 2009;Sachdev & Valenzuela, 2009;Stern, 2012), and a number of neural mechanisms for cognitive reserve based on neuroimaging studies have been proposed (Stern, 2012) and brain areas related to these mechanisms are being identified (Collangeli et al, 2016). Moreover, recent evidence suggests that behavioural, lifestyle, and biological factors are all related.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%