Cognitive restructuring and imagery modification for posttraumatic stress disorder (CRIM-PTSD): A pilot study

Müller‐Engelmann, Meike; Steil, Regina

doi:10.1016/j.jbtep.2016.06.004

Cited by 15 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…These effects are weaker than those observed for CRIM in our other studies, which targeted specific symptoms of PTSD, such as feeling contaminated or low self-esteem ( Jung & Steil, 2013;Müller-Engelmann & Steil, 2017;Steil et al, 2011).…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 90%

“…All treatments were conducted by the authors at the centre for outpatient psychotherapy. The treatment manual was adapted from the CRIM procedure for PTSD patients (Müller-Engelmann & Steil, 2017). The intervention consisted of six weekly 50-min sessions with a three-week training phase before the final session.…”

Section: Interventionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This procedure was developed to treat the feeling of being contaminated (FBC), which is a widespread phenomenon in PTSD patients, and showed good effects in reducing FBC and general PTSD symptoms ( Jung & Steil, 2013;Steil, Jung, & Stangier, 2011). Recently, we successfully treated low self-esteem in PTSD patients with the same methodology (Müller-Engelmann & Steil, 2017). Imagery is already successfully applied in the treatment of nightmare disorder (Imagery Rehearsal Therapy, Krakow & Zadra, 2006) and showed good effects in a meta-analysis (Hansen, Höfling, Kröner-Borowik, Stangier, & Steil, 2013).…”

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confidence: 99%

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Cognitive restructuring and imagery modification in insomnia disorder: a feasibility study

Schmid¹,

Steil²

2019

Sleep Hypn

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Insomnia is defined by the DSM-5 (American Psychiatric Association, 2013, p. 362) as a "predominant complaint of dissatisfaction with sleep quantity or quality", especially difficulty initiating or maintaining sleep or earlymorning awakening; insomnia is widespread (prevalence of 5.7% in the German population; Schlack, Hapke, Maske, Busch, & Cohrs, 2013) and tends to persist for years (Morin et al., 2009). This disorder has serious effects on patient's lives; for instance, insomnia is predictive of subsequent depression (Baglioni et al., 2011) and is associated with suicide risk independent of depression (Drapeau & Nadorff, 2017; Etindele Sosso, 2017). Cognitive behavioural therapy is the method of choice for treating patients with chronic insomnia (American

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 90%

Section: Interventionmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Cognitive restructuring and imagery modification in insomnia disorder: a feasibility study

Schmid¹,

Steil²

2019

Sleep Hypn

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“…This finding is in line with other studies investigating IR in general, and test anxiety in particular. Within these studies, no or only low dropout rates (38,59) were reported, suggesting high levels of acceptance for IR techniques. In addition, there was a high adherence to carry out the homework regularly.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

Imagery Rescripting: Exploratory Evaluation of a Short Intervention to Reduce Test Anxiety in University Students

Maier¹,

Schaitz²,

Kröner³

et al. 2020

Front. Psychiatry

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Background: Test anxiety is common in university students. Demanding schedules may contribute to the relatively low utilization of professional counseling, when compared to other anxiety disorders. A possible solution could be a psychotherapeutic short-term intervention. The present exploratory study implemented a short-term psychotherapeutic treatment, consisting of two imagery rescripting (IR) sessions. The efficacy of IR techniques has already been demonstrated in the treatment of various anxiety disorders including test anxiety. Methods: Nine students suffering from test anxiety (m = 3, f = 6) underwent two weekly applied sessions of IR. Outcome variables were examined one week prior to (t1), immediately after (t2) and three months after (t3) the intervention, using self-evaluation questionnaires on test anxiety (PAF), depressive symptoms (BDI II), life satisfaction (FLZ), general self-efficacy and study-specific self-efficacy (WIRKALL; WIRK_STUD), intrusiveness of mental images (IFES), and change and acceptance (VEV; ZUF; BFTB). Results: There were no dropouts. According to results from ZUF and BFTB, the participants where highly satisfied with the intervention. PAF scores decreased significantly over time (t1 to t3), whereas WIRKALL scores (t1 to t3) and WIRK_STUD scores (t1 to t3 and t2 to t3) increased significantly. IFES scores decreased immediately after the intervention (t1 compared to t2) and further after the follow-up (t1 to t3). No changes in BDI-II scores were observed. Discussion: The findings indicate a high acceptance and efficacy of the two-session IRintervention. Limits are the lack of a control group, and the small sample size. Further evaluation in future controlled studies is needed.

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“…Regarding these strong effects, CRIM was amplified to treat PTSD more generally in patients who suffer from different negative self-concepts, e.g., from the idea of being worthless or helpless, and who may have experienced traumatic events other than sexual abuse [19]. A pilot study with ten patients provided preliminary evidence that CRIM-PTSD can be used to effectively reduce PTSD symptoms [20], and large pre-intervention to follow-up effect sizes were found for clinician-rated (d = 2.53) and self-reported (d = 1.45) PTSD symptoms.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Addressing the Negative Self-Concept in Posttraumatic Stress Disorder by a Three-Session Programme of Cognitive Restructuring and Imagery Modification (CRIM-PTSD): A Case Study

Müller‐Engelmann¹,

Hadouch²,

Steil³

2018

JBBS

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Background: Cognitive restructuring and imagery modification for posttraumatic stress disorder (CRIM-PTSD) is a new intervention that involves only three sessions and focuses on the self-concept. It combines cognitive restructuring of core trauma-related dysfunctional beliefs and mental imagery. The effectiveness of CRIM-PTSD has recently been demonstrated in a pilot study. Method: This article presents a step-by-step description of the administration of CRIM-PTSD in a female survivor of childhood sexual abuse (CSA) suffering from PTSD and major depressive disorder related to strong self-blame. Results: The intervention showed substantial reductions in PTSD symptoms and depression in the patient comparable to those observed in the pilot study. Conclusions: CRIM-PTSD might provide an economical tool for reducing PTSD symptoms when only a short time is available for intervention. Furthermore, this tool could be included in well-established PTSD treatments. In addition to the pilot study, a randomized controlled trial is needed to further explore the feasibility and effectiveness of this short intervention.

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Cognitive restructuring and imagery modification for posttraumatic stress disorder (CRIM-PTSD): A pilot study

Cited by 15 publications

References 34 publications

Cognitive restructuring and imagery modification in insomnia disorder: a feasibility study

Cognitive restructuring and imagery modification in insomnia disorder: a feasibility study

Imagery Rescripting: Exploratory Evaluation of a Short Intervention to Reduce Test Anxiety in University Students

Addressing the Negative Self-Concept in Posttraumatic Stress Disorder by a Three-Session Programme of Cognitive Restructuring and Imagery Modification (CRIM-PTSD): A Case Study

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