Cognitive sex differences in reasoning tasks: Evidence from Brazilian samples of educational settings

Abstract. The aim of this study was to examine the influence of demographic factors on cognitive ability (memory and attention) among hearing-impaired students. Data from 163 hearing-impaired students were collected using simple random sampling at five polytechnics in Malaysia. The Cambridge Neuropsychological Test Automated Battery (CANTAB) software were utilised to examine cognitive ability (memory and attention). Demographic factors consist of gender, hearing aid usage and parents' hearing status. The results revealed that attention and memory differed according to hearing aid usage and parent's status of hearing. No significant differences were found for memory and attention according to hearing-impaired gender. The findings of this study will enable the education authority to direct these special students in a way that best suits the institution and students goals.

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“…The finding on the recall test is consistent with previous research showing better female performance on long term memory tasks [12].…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Influence Of Demographic Factors On Memory And Attention (Cognitive Ability) Among Hearing-Impaired

Rani

Marzuki

2018

MATEC Web of Conferences

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“…Specific gender differences have been more evident for some latent cognitive factors, for example, superior working memory (WM) and PO factor scores for men . Alternatively, males have displayed better performance in mathematical achievement, WM, manipulation of visual images, spatial reasoning, and mechanical reasoning while females have demonstrated superiority in reading and writing achievement, long term memory retrieval, acquisition and use of verbal information, and perceptual speed (Flores-Mendoza et al, 2013;Halpern & LaMay, 2000;Kaufman, Kaufman, Liu, & Johnson, 2009;van der Sluis et al, 2006).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Gender differences in latent cognitive abilities and education links with g in Italian elders

Tommasi

Watkins

Orsini

et al. 2015

Learning and Individual Differences

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“…AR and VR are parts of the Battery of Reasoning Tests, a set of cognitive tasks that has shown adequate evidences of validity (Flores-Mendoza et al, 2013;Primi, Couto, Almeida, Guisande, & Miguel, 2012;Primi, Silva, Rodrigues, Muniz, & Almeida, 2013). In each of the 28 items of AR, the participant is presented with two abstract geometric figures where the first one was transformed into the second one (for example, size changed, lines were added, etc.).…”

Section: Reading the Mind In The Eyes Test (Rmet)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Validity of the Reading the Mind in the Eyes Test in a Brazilian Sample

Miguel

Caramanico

Huss

et al. 2017

Paidéia (Ribeirão Preto)

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Emotional expression is considered an important part of social interaction, with overt emotional behaviour functioning as nonverbal means of communication. The ability to express emotions conveys information regarding one's feelings, needs, intentions, and preoccupations, with specific bodily changes associated with their corresponding emotional states (Ekman, 2003;Matsumoto, Keltner, Shiota, O'Sullivan, & Frank, 2008;Niedenthal, Krauth-Gruber, & Ric, 2006;Strongman, 2003). This includes typical facial and bodily alterations whenever someone is, for instance, feeling angry during an unfair situation, or afraid of being exposed to a dangerous situation.As important as expression is the ability to adequately recognize manifestations of emotional states. Emotional perception is shown to correlate with social abilities (Chen, 2014) , and abstract (AR) and verbal reasoning (VR) tasks. RMET items were studied with Rasch model. Results indicate that its items are concentrated at a lower level of difficulty, lacking difficult items to assess higher levels of emotional perception. Both RMET and PEP showed significant correlations with AR and VR, corroborating other studies showing emotional perception is related to other types of intelligence. However the correlation between RMET and PEP was lower than expected (r = .43), suggesting perception of emotions in the eyes is only partially related to perception in the whole face.Keywords: facial expressions, intelligence, psychological assessment, item response theory Validade do Reading the Mind in the Eyes Test em uma Amostra BrasileiraResumo: O Reading the Mind in the Eyes Test (RMET) é utilizado internacionalmente para avaliação da percepção emocional, mas são poucos os estudos de validade com amostras brasileiras. O teste foi respondido por 1440 participantes, juntamente com o Teste Informatizado de Percepção de Emoções Primárias (PEP) e provas de raciocínio abstrato (RA) e verbal (RV). Os itens do RMET foram estudados com modelo de Rasch. Os resultados indicaram que os itens estão concentrados em um nível menor de dificuldade, com falta de itens difíceis para avaliar níveis mais altos de percepção emocional. Tanto o RMET quanto o PEP mostraram correlações significativas com RA e RV, corroborando estudos que mostram que percepção emocional está relacionada a outros tipos de inteligência. Contudo a correlação entre RMET e PEP foi menor do que esperada (r = .43), sugerindo que percepção de emoção nos olhos está apenas parcialmente relacionada a percepção na face inteira.Palavras-chave: expressões faciais, inteligência, avaliação psicológica, teoria de resposta ao item Validez de la Reading the Mind in the Eyes Test en una Muestra BrasileñaResumen: La Reading the Mind in the Eyes Test (RMET) se utiliza internacionalmente para evaluar la percepción emocional, pero son pocos los estudios de validez con muestras brasileñas. La prueba fue respondida por 1440 participantes, junto con la Prueba Computarizada de Percepción de Emociones Primarias (PEP), y tareas de razonamiento abs...

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Cognitive sex differences in reasoning tasks: Evidence from Brazilian samples of educational settings

Cited by 80 publications

References 85 publications

Influence Of Demographic Factors On Memory And Attention (Cognitive Ability) Among Hearing-Impaired

Influence Of Demographic Factors On Memory And Attention (Cognitive Ability) Among Hearing-Impaired

Gender differences in latent cognitive abilities and education links with g in Italian elders

Validity of the Reading the Mind in the Eyes Test in a Brazilian Sample

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