Gender differences in latent cognitive abilities and education links with g in Italian elders

Tommasi, Marco; Watkins, Marley W.; Orsini, A.; Pezzuti, Lina; Cianci, Laura; Saggino, Aristide

doi:10.1016/j.lindif.2014.10.020

Cited by 3 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 54 publications

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“…The results showed a high level of significance for both age and education, indicating that each score in the FSIQ is correlated with an increase of 0.37 years and, for each year of education there is an increase of approximately 1.5 points in the FSIQ. These results are in line with a study on TD by Tommasi et al (2015) that evidenced an average increase of 1.9 IQ points in the IQ global composite score per year of education. Contrary to our expectations and previous results that evidenced autistic female disadvantage in IQ scores compared to autistic male, no sex effects were found on the FSIQ score in our sample.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

“…These results are in line with a study on TD by Tommasi et al . ( 2015 ) that evidenced an average increase of 1.9 IQ points in the IQ global composite score per year of education. Contrary to our expectations and previous results that evidenced autistic female disadvantage in IQ scores compared to autistic male, no sex effects were found on the FSIQ score in our sample.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Indeed, the performance of female participants on PSI is better both in ASD level 1 and 2. Another not surprisingly result is the effect of education on Verbal Comprehension index suggesting that people with higher education perform better in verbal acquired knowledge and verbal reasoning, as previous literature pointed out (Tommasi et al ., 2015 ). However the effects of education on Working Memory are partly new and remain significant when both subtests are considered for the analysis.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This phenomenon is due to exposition of contexts that allow people to learn relevant information, to concentrate on problems, and it teaches approaches of cognition on which the majority of intelligence tests are based on. Results from an Italian study (Tommasi et al ., 2015 ) showed that the WAIS-R detects individual differences in intelligence properly measured by IQ scores at different educational levels. Indeed, there is an average increase equal to 1.9 IQ points in the IQ global composite score per year of education.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Adults – Fourth Edition profiles of adults with autism spectrum disorder

Cicinelli

Nobile

Brighenti

et al. 2022

Epidemiol Psychiatr Sci

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Aim In this study, we have compared 229 Wechsler Adults Intelligence Scale – Fourth Edition (WAIS-IV) cognitive profiles of different severity adults with autism spectrum disorder to verify the impact of several variables including sex, age, level of education and autism severity level in an Italian sample. Moreover, we wanted to find out the optimal cut points for the major intelligence quotients in order to discriminate autism severity levels. Methods Participants were recruited from two National Health System Center in two different Italian regions and were assessed with gold-standard instruments as a part of their clinical evaluation. According to DSM-5, cognitive domains were also measured with multi-componential tests. We used the Italian adaptation of WAIS-IV. We checked our hypotheses using linear regression models and receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curves. Results Our results showed that age and level of education have a strong impact on Verbal Comprehension (VCI) and Working Memory Indexes (WMI). Gender differences are relevant when considering the VCI and Processing Speed index (PSI) in which women obtained the best performance. These differences are still relevant when considering cut points of ROC because 69 resulted to be the optimal cut point for women, 65 for men. Conclusions Few conclusions can be assumed only examining Full Scale Intelligence Quotient (FSIQ) scores as it includes many different information about broader cognitive abilities. Looking deeper at main indexes and their subtests findings are consistent with previous research on the disorder (moderate correlations of FSIQ, Perceptual Reasoning index, WMI and PSI with the participants’ age), while other results are unforeseen (no effect of sex found on FSIQ score) or novel (significant effect of education on VCI and WMI). Using an algorithm predicting optimal cut point for discriminating through autism severity levels can help clinicians to better label and quantify the required help a person may need, a test cannot replace diagnostic and clinical evaluation by experienced clinicians.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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