Cognitive, social, and physiological determinants of emotional state.

Schachter, Stanley; Singer, Jerome E.

doi:10.1037/h0046234

Cited by 5,119 publications

(2,603 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…The well-known report by Schachter and Singer (1962) provided evidence that participants label emotional states after injection of epinephrine 7 according to the context manipulated in the experiment. Schachter and Singer argued that cognitive attributions due to contextual cues are key.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Acute cortisol elevations cause heightened arousal ratings of objectively nonarousing stimuli.

Abercrombie

Kalin

Davidson

2005

Emotion

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To test the effects of cortisol on affective experience, the authors orally administered a placebo, 20 mg cortisol, or 40 mg cortisol to 85 men. Participants' affective responses to negative and neutral stimuli were measured. Self-reported affective state was also assessed. Participants in the 40-mg group (showing extreme cortisol elevations within the physiological range) rated neutral stimuli as more highly arousing than did participants in the placebo and 20-mg groups. Furthermore, within the 20-mg group, individuals with higher cortisol elevations made higher arousal ratings of neutral stimuli. However, cortisol was unrelated to self-reported affective state. Thus, findings indicate that acute cortisol elevations cause heightened arousal in response to objectively nonarousing stimuli, in the absence of effects on mood.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Acute cortisol elevations cause heightened arousal ratings of objectively nonarousing stimuli.

Abercrombie

Kalin

Davidson

2005

Emotion

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“…One weakness of this approach is that physiological responses temporally precede the reporting of posttask emotions. As a consequence, the association between emotion and physiological responses can be attributed to physiological responses leading to the reporting of emotion (27). The use of retrospective measures also requires that individuals summarize their emotional experiences over time and report on their average mood retrospectively (28).…”

Section: Methodological Issues In the Measurement Of Emotionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Negative emotions and acute physiological responses to stress

Feldman¹,

Cohen²,

Lepore³

et al. 1999

ann. behav. med.

148

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One pathway through which stressors are thought to influence physiology is through their effects on emotion. We used metaanalytic statistical techniques with data from nine studies to test the effects of acute laboratory stressors ( speech, star mirror-image tracing, hand grip) on emotional (undifferentiated negative emotion, angel; anxiety) and cardiovascular (CV) response. In all of the studies, participants responded to stressors with both increased CV response and increased negative emotion. Increases in negative emotion were associated with increases in CV response across tasks, howevel; these associations were small. The range of variance accounted for was between 2% and 12%. Thus, the contribution of negative emotion, as assessed in these studies, to physiological responses to acute laboratory stressors was limited. Although these results raise questions about the role of emotion in mediating stress-elicited physiological responses, the nature of the acute laboratory stress paradigm may contribute to the lack of a strong association.

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“…In addition, people do not have automatic, immediate, and explicit access to autonomic and somatic activity as suggested by James (1894James ( /1994 and Schachter and Singer (1962). Internal cues produce feelings of arousal (Blascovich, 1990(Blascovich, , 1992 or emotion (Manstead & Wagner, 1 Although William James is credited with the idea of emotion-specific somatovisceral patterning, James did not appear to hypothesize invariant autonomic nervous system patterns for each category of emotion.…”

Section: Arousal and The Experience Of Emotionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interoceptive Sensitivity and Self-Reports of Emotional Experience.

Barrett¹,

Quigley²,

Bliss‐Moreau³

et al. 2004

Journal of Personality and Social Psychology

344

258

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People differ in the extent to which they emphasize feelings of activation or deactivation in their verbal reports of experienced emotion, termed arousal focus (AF). Two multimethod studies indicate that AF is linked to heightened interoceptive sensitivity (as measured by performance on a heartbeat detection task). People who were more sensitive to their heartbeats emphasized feelings of activation and deactivation when reporting their experiences of emotion over time more than did those who were less sensitive. This relationship was not accounted for by several other variables, including simple language effects. Implications for the role of interoception in experienced emotion and the validity of self-reported emotion are discussed.Arousal is a basic property of all affective judgments (for a recent review, see Russell & Feldman Barrett, 1999) and is ubiquitous in models of emotion (e.g.,

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Cognitive, social, and physiological determinants of emotional state.

Cited by 5,119 publications

References 16 publications

Acute cortisol elevations cause heightened arousal ratings of objectively nonarousing stimuli.

Acute cortisol elevations cause heightened arousal ratings of objectively nonarousing stimuli.

Negative emotions and acute physiological responses to stress

Interoceptive Sensitivity and Self-Reports of Emotional Experience.

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