Coherence and Indistinguishability of Single Electrons Emitted by Independent Sources

Bocquillon, Erwann; Freulon, Vincent; Berroir, Jean-Marc; Degiovanni, Pascal; Plaçais, Bernard; Cavanna, A.; Jin, Yong; Fève, Gwendal

doi:10.1126/science.1232572

Cited by 374 publications

(518 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…These specificities have inspired several experiments that aim at reproducing, in solid state, optical setups where light beams are replaced by electron beams [4][5][6][7] . One major difference between electrons and photons comes from interaction effects, which are amplified in the 1D geometry and should enrich electron optics compared with its photonic counterpart.…”

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confidence: 99%

Separation of neutral and charge modes in one-dimensional chiral edge channels

et al. 2013

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Coulomb interactions have a major role in one-dimensional electronic transport. They modify the nature of the elementary excitations from Landau quasiparticles in higher dimensions to collective excitations in one dimension. Here we report the direct observation of the collective neutral and charge modes of the two chiral co-propagating edge channels of opposite spins of the quantum Hall effect at filling factor 2. Generating a charge density wave at frequency f in the outer channel, we measure the current induced by inter-channel Coulomb interaction in the inner channel after a 3-mm propagation length. Varying the driving frequency from 0.7 to 11 GHz, we observe damped oscillations in the induced current that result from the phase shift between the fast charge and slow neutral eigenmodes. We measure the dispersion relation and dissipation of the neutral mode from which we deduce quantitative information on the interaction range and parameters.

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confidence: 99%

Separation of neutral and charge modes in one-dimensional chiral edge channels

et al. 2013

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“…The demonstration of entanglement and multiparticle interference with such wave packets would set the stage for quantum-technology applications such as quantum information processing [1]. Various theoretical proposals [2][3][4][5][6][7] and experimental realizations [8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17] employ quantum Hall edge states [18] as electron waveguides. The group velocity and dispersion relation of edge states are important parameters for understanding and controlling electron wave packet propagation.…”

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Time-of-Flight Measurements of Single-Electron Wave Packets in Quantum Hall Edge States

et al. 2016

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We report time-of-flight measurements on electrons traveling in quantum Hall edge states. Hot-electron wave packets are emitted one per cycle into edge states formed along a depleted sample boundary. The electron arrival time is detected by driving a detector barrier with a square wave that acts as a shutter. By adding an extra path using a deflection barrier, we measure a delay in the arrival time, from which the edgestate velocity v is deduced. We find that v follows 1=B dependence, in good agreement with theẼ ×B drift. The edge potential is estimated from the energy dependence of v using a harmonic approximation. DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.116.126803 Electronic analogues of photonic quantum-optics experiments, so-called "electron quantum optics," can be performed using the beams of single-electron wave packets. The demonstration of entanglement and multiparticle interference with such wave packets would set the stage for quantum-technology applications such as quantum information processing [1]. Various theoretical proposals [2][3][4][5][6][7] and experimental realizations [8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17] employ quantum Hall edge states [18] as electron waveguides. The group velocity and dispersion relation of edge states are important parameters for understanding and controlling electron wave packet propagation. For edge magnetoplasmons, the velocity can be deduced by time-of-flight measurements with gate pulses [19][20][21][22]. Such direct velocity measurements have been difficult with electron wave packets because gate pulses would also affect the background Fermi sea. Previous experiments [14,23,24] use other types of electron-transport data to estimate the electron velocity. Furthermore, electronelectron interactions can cause the formation of multiple collective modes traveling at different velocities, leading to decoherence [14,17,25]. In order to perform the measurements of bare group velocity by time-resolved methods, we need a robust edge-state waveguide system where the interactions between the transmitted electrons and other electrons in the background can be suppressed.In this Letter, we demonstrate an experimental method for probing the bare edge-state velocity of electrons traveling in a depleted edge of a two-dimensional system. Electrons are emitted from a tunable-barrier single-electron pump [26][27][28] approximately 100 meV above the Fermi energy [13,29]. These electrons are injected into an edge where the background two-dimensional electron gas (2DEG) is depleted to avoid the influence of electron-electron interactions. The arrival time of these wave packets is detected by an energyselective detector barrier with a picosecond resolution [13,16]. The travel length between the source and detector is switched by a deflection barrier. The time of flight of the extra path is measured as a delay in the arrival time at the detector [30]. The edge-state velocity is calculated from the length of the extra path and the time of flight. We find that the edge-state velocity is inversely propor...

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“…On the other hand, fermionic excitations will anti-bunch and always exit a beamsplitter through different output ports [1,72]. Note that bunching occurs regardless of the loss at the input and output stages, which only reduces the overall rate at which the process occurs.…”

Section: Photonic Bunchingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This drop is quantified using the visibility, V P , defined as the percentage drop of the coincidences from their maximum value far from the dip center, N max , where the photons do not interfere, i.e. V P = (N max − N min )/N max [63,72].…”

Section: Quantum Interference In the Plasmonicmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantum Plasmonics: From Quantum Statistics to Quantum Interferences

Martino

2016

Reviews in Plasmonics

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Coherence and Indistinguishability of Single Electrons Emitted by Independent Sources

Cited by 374 publications

References 31 publications

Separation of neutral and charge modes in one-dimensional chiral edge channels

Separation of neutral and charge modes in one-dimensional chiral edge channels

Time-of-Flight Measurements of Single-Electron Wave Packets in Quantum Hall Edge States

Quantum Plasmonics: From Quantum Statistics to Quantum Interferences

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