Coherency Estimation in Power Systems: A Koopman Operator Approach

Descriptive Statistical Analysis of Frequency control-related variables of Nordic Power System

“…The low amount of inertia in the power system affects the electrical frequency response, and the power system becomes weak and less tolerant of disturbances. Therefore, the capability to estimate and track the inertia available in the power system in real-time would allow TSOs taking control actions as well as have more precise operational planning scenarios [2]. This research paper presents a descriptive statistical analysis (DSA) of time-series of electro-mechanical quantities related to the frequency control, specifically is looking for obtaining observable features (mean, standard deviation, correlation coefficients and dispersion of the data) and identifying patterns of three electro-mechanical variables of the Nordic power system (NPS): kinetic energy (KE), electrical frequency and power demand.…”

“…This research paper presents a descriptive statistical analysis (DSA) of time-series of electro-mechanical quantities related to the frequency control, specifically is looking for obtaining observable features (mean, standard deviation, correlation coefficients and dispersion of the data) and identifying patterns of three electro-mechanical variables of the Nordic power system (NPS): kinetic energy (KE), electrical frequency and power demand. If the observable features and patterns of these variables are identified, a model could be constructed that allows estimating and predicting the KE of the system using the electrical frequency measurements and the power demand forecast [2]. The main contributions of this research paper are: (i) it presents a statistical analysis of the three electro-mechanical variables (see Section II), (ii) the use of the presented DSA allowed obtaining observable features time-series of electro-mechanical quantities related to the frequency control in the NPS: kinetic energy (KE), electrical frequency and power demand.…”

Power system coherency recognition and islanding: Practical limits and future perspectives

“…For instance, in Ref. [14,15], an islanding scheme system is proposed based on the non-linear Koopman mode analysis for obtaining the dynamics from voltage angles to identify the coherent groups and dividing the system into islands. In Ref.…”

Innovative primary frequency control in low‐inertia power systems based on wide‐area RoCoF sharing

“…However, the implementation of such technological advances is not straightforward due to different operational challenges related to WAMS, which is discussed and faced in this brief. One of the main issues expected from the massive penetration of renewable energy sources is the inertia reduction [4], which might result in larger frequency deviations from the nominal system frequency under a disturbance [5]. Maintaining the frequency stability within appropriate boundaries and providing an adequate response are of major importance, since reaching the system boundaries may provoke supply interruptions, which can eventually turn on lack of electricity, also known as blackouts [6].…”