Coherent phase microscopy of intracellular processes

Sensing dynamic cytoplasm refractive index changes of adherent cells with quantitative phase microscopy using incorporated microspheres as optical probes

“…As no modification of the experimental setup is required, the measurement principle prospects to be used with several existing quantitative phase contrast imaging techniques, [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16] and the usage in multi-modal imaging platforms 53 is simplified. Finally, as many cells internalize particles by phagocytic behavior, the method may be applicable with a variety of different cell types.…”

“…Various different methods have been developed, [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16] however, in quantitative phase microscopy, the optical path length delay, which is caused by a semitransparent specimen, is influenced by the sample thickness, the refractive index of the sample, and the refractive index of the surrounding medium. For this reason, in quantitative phase imaging-based live cell analysis, the intra cellular refractive index represents a very important parameter.…”

Interference Microscopy under Double-Wavelet Analysis: A New Approach to Studying Cell Dynamics

“…The technique has also been applied to estimate the size of such biological nanoscale structures as mitochondria and viruses [1,2]. The technique is particularly sensitive to processes that are coordinated in time and space and this allows us to study cooperative phenomena in cells [3,4].…”

“…Experimental technique.-Interference microscopy is based on the measurement of the optical path difference between the laser beam transmitted through an object and reflected from the bottom mirror layer and a reference beam reflected from the control mirror [1,2]. The measured value is normalized to the wavelength in order to obtain the so-called phase height of the object in a particular point…”

Monitoring of laser micromanipulated optically trapped cells by digital holographic microscopy

“…Digital holographic microscopy (DHM) enables high resolution quantitative phase contrast imaging and minimally invasive quantitative live cell analysis [18][19][20][21][22][23]. In comparison to other phase contrast methods [24,25], interferometry-based techniques [26][27][28][29][30], optical coherence tomography or optical coherence microscopy [31][32][33][34][35][36], DHM provides quantitative phase contrast with subsequent numerical focus correction (multi-focus imaging) from a single hologram. In combination with algorithms for the quantification of the image sharpness, numerical auto-focusing without mechanical focus realignment is possible [37,38].…”