Cohort profile for the STratifying Resilience and Depression Longitudinally (STRADL) study: A depression-focused investigation of Generation Scotland, using detailed clinical, cognitive, and neuroimaging assessments

Abstract

STratifying Resilience and Depression Longitudinally (STRADL) is a population-based study built on the Generation Scotland: Scottish Family Health Study (GS:SFHS) resource. The aim of STRADL is to subtype major depressive disorder (MDD) on the basis of its aetiology, using detailed clinical, cognitive, and brain imaging assessments. The GS:SFHS provides an important opportunity to study complex gene-environment interactions, incorporating linkage to existing datasets and inclusion of early-life variables for two longitudinal birth cohorts. Specifically, data collection in STRADL included: socio-economic and lifestyle variables; physical measures; questionnaire data that assesses resilience, early-life adversity, personality, psychological health, and lifetime history of mood disorder; laboratory samples; cognitive tests; and brain magnetic resonance imaging. Some of the questionnaire and cognitive data were first assessed at the GS:SFHS baseline assessment between 2006-2011, thus providing longitudinal measures relevant to the study of depression, psychological resilience, and cognition. In addition, routinely collected historic NHS data and early-life variables are linked to STRADL data, further providing opportunities for longitudinal analysis. Recruitment has been completed and we consented and tested 1,188 participants.

Structural brain correlates of childhood trauma with replication across two large, independent community-based samples

“…A subsample of participants was recontacted in 2015–2019 for neuroimaging and further data collection. This subsample was used as the basis for this study and is described in detail elsewhere [ 43 – 46 ]. Cognitive assessments, blood sampling, physical measurements, and clinical questionnaires were also collected from GS participants, including the 28-item CTQ [ 5 ].…”

“…MDD diagnoses were derived from the SCID [ 43 , 51 ] taken at GS baseline recruitment; a binary variable describing presence/absence of a lifetime diagnosis encompasses single-episode, chronic, postpartum onset, and depression with manic/hypomanic features. Two individuals with manic/hypomanic episodes alone were excluded from further analyses.…”

General and specific patterns of cortical gene expression as spatial correlates of complex cognitive functioning

“…STRADL is a population-based study, developed from the Generation Scotland Scottish Family Health Study. Participants who had taken part in the Generation Scotland Scottish Family Health Study were invited back to take part in this additional study, which was initially designed to study major depressive disorder, although participants were not selected based on the presence of depression ( 35 ) https://www.research.ed.ac.uk/en/datasets/stratifying-resilience-and-depression-longitudinally-stradl-a-dep. Data are available for N = 1188 participants.…”

“…UKB (42), STRADL (43), LBC1936 (36,44,45). The measures used in the present study are summarised in Tables S11-S11.…”

Genome‐ and epigenome‐wide studies of plasma protein biomarkers for Alzheimer's disease implicate TBCA and TREM2 in disease risk

“…Recruitment for GS took place between 2006 and 2011. STRADL participants partook in follow‐up data collection 4 to 13 years after baseline 29,30 …”