Standard-Nutzungsbedingungen:Die Dokumente auf EconStor dürfen zu eigenen wissenschaftlichen Zwecken und zum Privatgebrauch gespeichert und kopiert werden.Sie dürfen die Dokumente nicht für öffentliche oder kommerzielle Zwecke vervielfältigen, öffentlich ausstellen, öffentlich zugänglich machen, vertreiben oder anderweitig nutzen.Sofern die Verfasser die Dokumente unter Open-Content-Lizenzen (insbesondere CC-Lizenzen) zur Verfügung gestellt haben sollten, gelten abweichend von diesen Nutzungsbedingungen die in der dort genannten Lizenz gewährten Nutzungsrechte. Web-based interviewing is gradually replacing traditional modes of data collection, in particular telephone and mailed surveys. This global trend takes place despite the fact that established knowledge of its consequences on response error is incomplete. This paper studies differences between a web (CAWI) and a mailed version (MAIL) of a questionnaire in various forms of response error, namely item nonresponse, satisficing, person-reliability, and social desirable responding. We posit 1) that response error depends on respondents cognitive functioning, namely in the domains of global reading abilities, fluid intelligence, as well as working and episodic memory; and 2) that these effects differ across modes of data collection with generally higher prevalence in the CAWI mode since this mode is more demanding.
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The analysis builds on a randomized mode experiment implemented in the context of the BerlinAging Study II (BASE-II), a survey that primarily focuses on multidimensional processes of physical and mental aging (see Bertram et al. 2014). The analysis reveals a high impact of cognitive functioning at the various stages of the survey response process. While we do found moderate mode-differences in response error, such as higher item nonresponse rates in the CAWI mode, we did not find cognitive functioning to be a better predictor of response error in webbased interviewing.Keywords: Mixed-mode design, CAWI, cognitive functioning, response quality 3
MotivationOngoing technological advancement is reflected in the dominant modes of data collection in surveys. In face-to-face settings, computer-assisted personal interviewing (CAPI) is gradually replacing paper-and-pencil personal interviewing (PAPI), while in self-administered interviews, web-based formats (CAWI) are increasingly replacing mailed questionnaires. In many countries, web-based interviewing has become a critically important mode of data collection in social and market research in only 10 years' time (see Table 1 for the German case). Table 1 With the purpose of analysing this CAWI mode effect, we decided to compare CAWI with another self-administered questionnaire. Although the comparison with the face-to-face mode 4 seems useful given that this mode still represents the mainly used mode in surveys, it nevertheless differs strongly from self-administered questionnaires both in terms of costs and interviewer assistance. Therefore we decided to compare the CA...