Cohort Profile: The Diabetes Study of Northern California (DISTANCE)—objectives and design of a survey follow-up study of social health disparities in a managed care population†

Moffet, Howard H.; Adler, Nancy E.; Schillinger, Dean; Ahmed, Ameena T.; Laraia, Barbara A.; Selby, Joe V.; Neugebauer, Romain; Liu, Jennifer Y.; Parker, Melissa M.; Warton, Margaret; Karter, Andrew J.

doi:10.1093/ije/dyn040

Cited by 112 publications

(122 citation statements)

References 55 publications

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“…The Diabetes and Aging Study, a sub-study of the Diabetes Study of Northern California (DISTANCE), 18 focuses on processes and outcomes of healthcare among older patients with diabetes. We conducted a lagged cross-sectional study, focusing on the relationship between self-reported incontinence and HbA1c levels in the year before self-report, using results from the DISTANCE survey and the KPNC electronic medical record (EMR).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…19 The overarching aim of DISTANCE was to investigate ethnic and educational disparities in diabetes-related behaviors, care processes, and outcomes. 18 DISTANCE was conducted among 40,735 patients (19,377 women) aged 30-75 years with both type 1 and 2 DM. The survey was conducted in one of 5 languages (English, Spanish, Cantonese, Mandarin, or Tagalog) and administered in one of 4 modes: computer-assisted telephone interview (CATI), web-based survey, self-administered written questionnaire, and short version of the written survey (overall response rate of 62%).…”

Section: Setting and Participantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Glycemic Control and Urinary Incontinence in Women with Diabetes Mellitus

Lee

Karter

Thai

et al. 2013

Journal of Women's Health

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Background: Although many studies have shown that diabetes increases the risk for urinary incontinence, it is unclear whether poor glycemic control in women with diabetes is associated with incontinence. This study aims to determine the relationship between the hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) level and urinary incontinence in a large, diverse cohort of older women. Methods: We examined 6026 older women who responded to a survey (62% response rate) and were enrolled in the Diabetes and Aging Study, an ethnically stratified random sample of patients with diabetes enrolled in Kaiser Permanente Northern California. Our primary independent variable was the mean of all HbA1c measurements in the year preceding the survey. Outcomes included the presence/absence of incontinence and limitations in daily activities due to incontinence. We used modified Poisson regression and ordinal logistic regression models to account for age, race, body mass index, parity, diabetes treatment, duration of diabetes, and comorbidity. Results: Sixty-five percent of women reported incontinence (mean age 59 -10 years). After adjustment, HbA1c levels were not associated with the presence or absence of incontinence. However, among women reporting incontinence, HbA1c ‡ 9% was associated with more limitations due to incontinence than HbA1c < 6% (adjusted odds ratio 1.67, 95% confidence interval: 1.09-2.57). Conclusion: In this cross-sectional analysis, HbA1c level is not associated with the presence or absence of incontinence. However, for women with incontinence, poor glycemic control (HbA1c ‡ 9%) is associated with more limitations in daily activities due to incontinence. Longitudinal studies are needed to determine whether improving glycemic control to HbA1c < 9% leads to fewer limitations in daily activities due to incontinence.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Setting and Participantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Glycemic Control and Urinary Incontinence in Women with Diabetes Mellitus

Lee

Karter

Thai

et al. 2013

Journal of Women's Health

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“…Details of the design and methods have been described previously. 14 DISTANCE respondents were included in this study if they were newly prescribed a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor, a serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor, bupropion or mirtazapine during 2006-2010 (index prescription) based on physician orders in the KPNC electronic medical record; had not been dispensed any of these antidepressants in the 12 months preceding the index prescription; had continuous pharmacy benefits for at least 12 months before and after the index prescription; and responded to one or more survey items assessing patientprovider communication (Fig. 1).…”

Section: Participantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Associations Between Antidepressant Adherence and Shared Decision-Making, Patient–Provider Trust, and Communication Among Adults with Diabetes: Diabetes Study of Northern California (DISTANCE)

et al. 2014

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“…Study participants were drawn from KPNC's Diabetes Study of Northern California (DISTANCE) cohort, a follow-up study of social health disparities in a managed care population. 18 A stratified random sample was formed from the diabetes registry with approximately equal numbers of the five largest ethnic groups in the KPNC diabetes registry: African-Americans, Asians, Latinos, Whites, and Other Race. A baseline survey was administered from 2005 to 2007 with 21,188 adults completing the survey, yielding a survey response rate of 62 %.…”

Section: Study Populationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A more complete description of the study methods, cohort, and survey has been published previously. 18,19 This study was approved by the Institutional Review Boards of the Kaiser Division of Research, the University of California, San Francisco School of Medicine, and the University of California, Berkeley.…”

Section: Study Populationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Police-Recorded Crime and Perceived Stress among Patients with Type 2 Diabetes: the Diabetes Study of Northern California (DISTANCE)

et al. 2016

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While stress has been linked to poor health outcomes, little is known about the impact of objective measures of neighborhood crime on stress in patients with chronic disease. Using the Kaiser Permanente Diabetes Study of Northern California (DISTANCE), we examined associations between police-recorded crime (2005)(2006)(2007) and stress in four large Northern California cities (Oakland, Sacramento, San Francisco, and San Jose). We performed stratified analysis by gender and race/ethnicity using generalized linear regression models. In our study sample (n = 3188, mean age 59, range 30-77), 10 % reported high stress. In adjusted analyses, higher neighborhood all crimes rate was associated with modest increase in high stress for African-American (OR = 1.10; 95 % CI 1.02-1.22) and Latina women (OR = 1.36; 95 % CI 1.10-1.67) and property crime showed similar associations with stress for these groups of women. Visible crime was associated with stress only for Latina women (OR = 1.43; 95 % CI 1.14-1.78). We found no association between crime and stress among men or other racial/ethnic groups of women. High crime levels may disproportionately impact health among certain subpopulations. Studies using additional measures of stress are necessary to differentiate the health impact of crime-related stress from other forms of stressors among individuals living with diabetes.

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Cohort Profile: The Diabetes Study of Northern California (DISTANCE)—objectives and design of a survey follow-up study of social health disparities in a managed care population†

Cited by 112 publications

References 55 publications

Glycemic Control and Urinary Incontinence in Women with Diabetes Mellitus

Glycemic Control and Urinary Incontinence in Women with Diabetes Mellitus

Associations Between Antidepressant Adherence and Shared Decision-Making, Patient–Provider Trust, and Communication Among Adults with Diabetes: Diabetes Study of Northern California (DISTANCE)

Police-Recorded Crime and Perceived Stress among Patients with Type 2 Diabetes: the Diabetes Study of Northern California (DISTANCE)

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