Coinfection with HIV and Hepatitis C Virus among Injection Drug Users in Southern China

Garten, Rebecca; Zhang, Jinbing; Lai, Shenghan; Liu, Wei; Chen, Jie; Yu, Xiao Fang

doi:10.1086/429491

Cited by 83 publications

(111 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…Although HCV and HSV-2 are both relatively uncommon in the general Chinese population (31,(19)(20)(21), a high prevalence of HCV coinfection was observed among the study subjects who had contracted HIV through drug injections and plasma/blood donation or transfusion but a high prevalence of HSV-2 coinfection was also observed among those who had become HIV-infected through heterosexual transmission. Previous studies have reported that HCV infection is prevalent among former plasma donors and injection drug users and that HSV-2 infection is prevalent among commercial sex workers in China (15)(16)(22)(23)(24). In this study, geographic region was also independently correlated with HCV and HSV-2 coinfection among HIV/AIDS patients.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 48%

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Multiple viral coinfections among HIV/AIDS patients in China

Chen

Lin

et al. 2011

BST

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 48%

“…Worldwide it is estimated that 10-30% of the 40 million people infected with HIV are co-infected with HCV due to similar transmission routes between HIV and HCV (14). In China, high prevalence of HIV and HCV coinfection has been reported among injection drug users (IDU) and plasma/blood donors (15,16).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multiple viral coinfections among HIV/AIDS patients in China

Chen

Lin

et al. 2011

BST

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“…Studies in Yunnan Province, which borders Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region in the west, have found high HCV co-infection rates in HIV-1 positive drug users [39] . Previous epidemiological studies in Guangxi not only found similar high rates of HCV co-infection in HIV-1 positive drug users, but a high HCV prevalence (72%), incidence (37.8 per 100 person years) in all heroin users enrolled in the study [40] . To determine the clearance rate of HCV RNA and study factors that influence clearance, serum from a large cohort of heroin users from Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, southern China was qualitatively tested for HCV RNA.…”

Section: Rapid Communicationsupporting

confidence: 53%

“…Study participants from Pingxiang have been followed since September 1999 while participants from Binyang have been followed since January 2000. The informed consent procedure was described previously [40] . Briefly, at each visit, participants underwent blood draw and personal interviews and were counseled on the results of their serological tests.…”

Section: Study Participantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Factors influencing a low rate of hepatitis C viral RNA clearance in heroin users from Southern China

Garten¹,

Lai²,

Zhang³

et al. 2008

WJG

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INTRODUCTIONThe hepatitis C virus (HCV) epidemic now affects over 200 million people worldwide. HCV is a single-stranded RNA flavivirus that is responsible for the majority of non-A-non-B hepatitis infections [1,2] . Natural history studies have found that 15%-59% of people who are infected with HCV will undergo spontaneous viral clearance with no further liver disease due to HCV [3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11] . The remaining will develop chronic HCV infection that can lead to cirrhosis, hepatocellular carcinoma and the need for a liver transplant.The exact mechanism of HCV RNA clearance is not well understood although recent studies have shown that clearance is associated with strong, broad cellular immune responses [12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19] . Other factors such as younger age [3,20] , female gender [21,22] , presence of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) [3,23] , certain HLA alleles [6,[24][25][26][27][28][29] , and low viral quasispecies diversity [30] have been linked to increased HCV RNA clearance. While African American ethnicity [3,25] , HCV genotype 1 [31][32][33] and co-infections with human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV-1) [3] , Human T-Lymphotropic Virus-1 [34] and Schistosoma mansoni [35] have been associated with lower HCV RNA clearance and higher HCV RNA levels. Understanding why and how individuals clear HCV is the key to developing new drugs and an effective vaccine [21] .Studies of heroin users from Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region in southern China have attributed the appearance and spread of HIV, HCV and other infectious agents to the change in heroin using patterns from smoking to injection [36] . Abstract AIM: To s t u d y t h e v i r o l o g i c a l a n d h o s t fa c t o r s influencing hepatitis C infection outcomes in heroin users in southern China. METHODS:HCV RNA and associated factors were analyzed among 347 heroin users from Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, southern China who were hepatitis C virus (HCV) EIA positive for two or more consecutive visits. RESULTS:Using the COBAS AMPLICOR HCV TEST, a remarkably low HCV RNA negative rate of 8.6% was detected. After multivariate logistic regression analysis, HCV RNA clearance was significantly associated with the presence of HBsAg (OR = 8.436, P < 0.0001), the lack of HIV-1 infection (OR = 0.256, P = 0.038) and age younger than 25 (OR = 0.400, P = 0.029). CONCLUSION:Our study suggests HCV infection among Chinese heroin users results in high levels of viral persistence even amidst factors previously found to enhance viral clearance. Prospective studies of a possible genetic component within the Chinese population and the pathogenicity of non-genotype 1 HCV infections are needed. heroin trafficking routes into the province [37,38] . It is not clear how widespread the HCV epidemic is in China. Little seroprevalence data exists, mostly from the major cities of Beijing, Shanghai and Hong Kong and to our knowledge; no studies on HCV RNA clearance in China have been done. Studies in Yunnan Province, which borders Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous...

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“…Genotype 6e showed lower prevalence in Hai Phong and Guangxi and was not found in Yunnan province. transmission routes into consideration and use HCV infection as a prediction marker for HIV infection [Garten et al, 2005]. …”

Section: Page 12/24mentioning

confidence: 99%

Multiple routes of hepatitis C virus transmission among injection drug users in Hai Phong, Northern Vietnam

Tanimoto

Cuong

Ishizaki

et al. 2010

Journal of Medical Virology

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To identify hepatitis C virus (HCV) transmission routes among injection drug users inNorthern Vietnam, plasma samples were collected from 486 drug users in Hai Phong.Plasma viral RNA was extracted from 323 (66.5%) samples that were positive for anti-HCV antibodies. Portions of the HCV 5'-untranslated (5'UTR)-Core and NS5B genes were amplified by reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction, sequenced directly, and genotyped in 194 and 195 specimens, respectively. Both regions were genotyped in 137 specimens. In the 5'UTR-Core region, genotype 6a was predominant (32.5%), followed by genotype 1a (23.7%), genotype 1b (20.6%), and genotype 6e (14.4%). In the NS5B region, genotype 1a was predominant (42.6%), followed by genotype 1b

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Coinfection with HIV and Hepatitis C Virus among Injection Drug Users in Southern China

Cited by 83 publications

References 28 publications

Multiple viral coinfections among HIV/AIDS patients in China

Multiple viral coinfections among HIV/AIDS patients in China

Factors influencing a low rate of hepatitis C viral RNA clearance in heroin users from Southern China

Multiple routes of hepatitis C virus transmission among injection drug users in Hai Phong, Northern Vietnam

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