Coinfections of influenza and other respiratory viruses are associated to children

Sanz, Iván; Pérez, D. de Miguel; Rojo, Silvia; Domínguez‐Gil, Marta; Lejarazu, Raúl Ortíz de; Eirós, José María

doi:10.1016/j.anpede.2021.03.002

Cited by 6 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 38 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…In line with our results, a recent systematic review and meta-analysis also showed a relatively low proportion of a respiratory viral co-infection in COVID-19 patients [37]. Accordingly, IFV and enteroviruses were the most prevalent pathogens in COVID-19 patients, which are among the most prevalent throughout the year, showing a higher prevalence of viral co-infection in the paediatric population and the elderly [37,38]. A higher prevalence of bacterial co-infection comparing to viral co-infection have been recently described in COVID-19 patients [36].…”

Section: Plos Onesupporting

confidence: 91%

Investigating epidemiological distribution (temporality and intensity) of respiratory pathogens following COVID-19 de-escalation process in Catalonia, September 2016–June 2021: Analysis of regional surveillance data

Guadalupe-Fernández,

Martínez-Solanas,

Sabrià-Sunyé

et al. 2024

PLoS ONE

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background Following the low incidence rates of non-SARS-CoV-2 respiratory viruses registered during the strict lockdown enforced in the pandemic, a resurgence of several endemic viruses in Catalonia (Spain) was noted during the early summer of 2021. Objectives In this study, we investigated whether the circulation of non-SARS-CoV-2 respiratory viruses in Catalonia, assessed by Microbiological Reporting System of Catalonia (MRSC) and the Epidemiological Surveillance Network of Catalonia, was affected by the strict lockdown measures, as well as, the implication of the Coronavirus Disease 19 (COVID-19) de-escalation process in the late season outbreaks registered during the 2020–2021 season. Study design A retrospective comparison of epidemic patterns in the respiratory viruses’ incidence, using regional public health surveillance data from MRSC, was performed between weeks 26/2016 to week 27/2021. Data were expressed as the weekly total number of test positivity for individual viruses. A segmented negative binomial regression model was conducted, with two parameters included (level and trend) for each segment of the time series (2020 pre-lockdown, 2020 post-lockdown and 2021). Results were reported as a unit changed in the strict lockdown. Results A total of 51588 confirmed cases of the different respiratory viruses were included in the analysis, the majority were influenza cases (63.7%). An immediate reduction in the weekly number of cases was observed in 2020 after the COVID-19 outbreak for human adenovirus virus (HAdV) (β2 = -2.606; P <0.01), human parainfluenza virus (HPIV) (β2 = -3.023; P <0.01), influenza virus (IFV) (β2 = -1.259; P <0.01), but not for respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), where the number of cases remained unchanged. During 2020, a significant negative trend was found for RSV (β3 = -0.170, P <0.01), and a positive trend for HAdV (β3 = 0.075, P <0.01). During 2021, a significant reduction in the weekly number of cases was also observed for all respiratory viruses, and a borderline non-significant reduction for HPIV (β3 = -0.027; P = 0.086). Moreover, significant positive trends were found for each viral pathogen, except for influenza during 2020–2021 season, where cases remained close to zero. The respiratory viruses increased activity and their late season epidemic start particularly affected children under 6 years old. Conclusions Our data not only provides evidence that occurrence of different respiratory virus infections was affected by the strict lockdown taken against SARS-CoV-2 but it also shows a late resurgence of seasonal respiratory viruses’ cases during the 2020–2021 season following the relaxation of COVID-19-targeted non-pharmaceutical interventions.

show abstract

Section: Plos Onesupporting

confidence: 91%

Investigating epidemiological distribution (temporality and intensity) of respiratory pathogens following COVID-19 de-escalation process in Catalonia, September 2016–June 2021: Analysis of regional surveillance data

Guadalupe-Fernández,

Martínez-Solanas,

Sabrià-Sunyé

et al. 2024

PLoS ONE

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…In the pre‐COVID‐19 pandemic era a 10th of respiratory virus infections was found to be co‐infected with another respiratory virus. 4 Various studies observed an increased severity of disease in co‐infected patients, especially elderly and high‐risk patients. 5 …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the pre-COVID-19 pandemic era a 10th of respiratory virus infections was found to be co-infected with another respiratory virus. 4 Various studies observed an increased severity of disease in co-infected patients, especially elderly and high-risk patients. 5 While several studies have reported the co-detection of SARS-CoV-2 with additional respiratory viruses, questions remain regarding the clinical relevance.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Due to their mode of transmission, which is mainly by droplets, respiratory virus circulation within the community is high and dual infections within their realm are widespread. In the pre‐COVID‐19 pandemic era a 10th of respiratory virus infections was found to be co‐infected with another respiratory virus 4 . Various studies observed an increased severity of disease in co‐infected patients, especially elderly and high‐risk patients 5 …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Respiratory viral co‐infections in patients with COVID‐19 and associated outcomes: A systematic review and meta‐analysis

Krumbein

Kümmel

Fragkou

et al. 2022

Reviews in Medical Virology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The aim of this systematic review and meta‐analysis was to critically assess the published literature related to community‐acquired viral co‐infections and COVID‐19 and to evaluate the prevalence, most identified co‐pathogens, and relevant risk factors. Furthermore, we aimed to examine the clinical features and outcomes of co‐infected compared to mono‐infected COVID‐19 patients. We systematically searched PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, Scopus, and The Cochrane Library for studies published from 1 November 2019 to 13 August 2021. We included patients of all ages and any COVID‐19 severity who were screened for respiratory viral co‐infection within 48 h of COVID‐19 diagnosis. The main outcome was the proportion of patients with a respiratory viral co‐infection. The systematic review was registered to PROSPERO (CRD42021272235). Out of 6053 initially retrieved studies, 59 studies with a total of 16,643 SARS‐CoV‐2 positive patients were included. The global pooled prevalence was 5.01% (95% CI 3.34%–7.27%; I 2 = 95%) based on a random‐effects model, with Influenza Viruses (1.54%) and Enteroviruses (1.32%) being the most prevalent pathogens. Subgroup analyses showed that co‐infection was significantly higher in paediatric (9.39%) than adult (3.51%) patients ( p ‐value = 0.02). Furthermore, co‐infected patients were more likely to be dyspnoeic and the odds of fatality (OR = 1.66) were increased. Although a relatively low proportion of COVID‐19 patients have a respiratory viral co‐infection, our findings show that multiplex viral panel testing may be advisable in patients with compatible symptoms. Indeed, respiratory virus co‐infections may be associated with adverse clinical outcomes and therefore have therapeutic and prognostic implications.

show abstract

“…During a respiratory infection, multiple viruses may be present and working in concert to cause disease [ 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 ]. Several respiratory viruses, including rhinovirus (RV), respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), influenza A and B viruses (IAV and IBV), human metapneumovirus (HMPV), human parainfluenza viruses (PIV), adenoviruses (ADV), and coronaviruses (CoVs), have been found concurrently within hosts with pneumonia [ 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 , 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 , 17 , 18 , 19 , 20 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

How Interactions during Viral–Viral Coinfection Can Shape Infection Kinetics

Pinky

DeAguero

Remien

et al. 2023

Viruses

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Respiratory viral infections are a leading global cause of disease with multiple viruses detected in 20–30% of cases, and several viruses simultaneously circulating. Some infections with unique viral copathogens result in reduced pathogenicity, while other viral pairings can worsen disease. The mechanisms driving these dichotomous outcomes are likely variable and have only begun to be examined in the laboratory and clinic. To better understand viral–viral coinfections and predict potential mechanisms that result in distinct disease outcomes, we first systematically fit mathematical models to viral load data from ferrets infected with respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), followed by influenza A virus (IAV) after 3 days. The results suggest that IAV reduced the rate of RSV production, while RSV reduced the rate of IAV infected cell clearance. We then explored the realm of possible dynamics for scenarios that had not been examined experimentally, including a different infection order, coinfection timing, interaction mechanisms, and viral pairings. IAV coinfection with rhinovirus (RV) or SARS-CoV-2 (CoV2) was examined by using human viral load data from single infections together with murine weight-loss data from IAV-RV, RV-IAV, and IAV-CoV2 coinfections to guide the interpretation of the model results. Similar to the results with RSV-IAV coinfection, this analysis shows that the increased disease severity observed during murine IAV-RV or IAV-CoV2 coinfection was likely due to the slower clearance of IAV-infected cells by the other viruses. The improved outcome when IAV followed RV, on the other hand, could be replicated when the rate of RV infected cell clearance was reduced by IAV. Simulating viral–viral coinfections in this way provides new insights about how viral–viral interactions can regulate disease severity during coinfection and yields testable hypotheses ripe for experimental evaluation.

show abstract

Coinfections of influenza and other respiratory viruses are associated to children

Cited by 6 publications

References 38 publications

Investigating epidemiological distribution (temporality and intensity) of respiratory pathogens following COVID-19 de-escalation process in Catalonia, September 2016–June 2021: Analysis of regional surveillance data

Investigating epidemiological distribution (temporality and intensity) of respiratory pathogens following COVID-19 de-escalation process in Catalonia, September 2016–June 2021: Analysis of regional surveillance data

Respiratory viral co‐infections in patients with COVID‐19 and associated outcomes: A systematic review and meta‐analysis

How Interactions during Viral–Viral Coinfection Can Shape Infection Kinetics

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About